baldwin
baldwin — noun
1. James Baldwin (1924–1987), an American writer known for novels, essays, and play
James Baldwin (1924–1987), an American writer known for novels, essays, and plays that explore the realities of racism, sexuality, and identity in the United States during the 20th century.
Dewi first read James Baldwin's novel 'Go Tell It on the Mountain' in his university literature class.
read [person]'s novel — referring to a specific work
Many American high schools include James Baldwin's essay 'The Fire Next Time' in their reading lists.
include [person]'s essay in reading lists — educational context
Soraya wrote a paper comparing James Baldwin's writing style with that of his contemporary Ralph Ellison.
James Baldwin spent much of his adult life in France, where he wrote some of his most famous works.
Salma quoted James Baldwin's line about being a witness to truth during her graduation speech.
用法筆記
In literary contexts, 'Baldwin' alone (without the given name) is sufficient to refer to James Baldwin, as he is by far the most widely recognised figure with this surname. His works are commonly referenced by title or as 'Baldwin's essays/novels.'
常見錯誤
2. James Mark Baldwin (1861–1934), an American psychologist who made important cont
James Mark Baldwin (1861–1934), an American psychologist who made important contributions to early developmental psychology and proposed the Baldwin effect, an evolutionary theory connecting learned behaviours with natural selection.
Psychology students at National Taiwan University studied the Baldwin effect as part of their evolutionary psychology module.
studied the Baldwin effect — a theory named after this psychologist
James Mark Baldwin's early observations of children's thinking helped shape the field of developmental psychology.
[person]'s observations of children — developmental psychology context
Anjali found a reference to James Mark Baldwin in a journal article about the origins of human social behaviour.
Modern textbooks on evolutionary psychology still discuss the Baldwin effect as a bridge between learning and genetics.
用法筆記
This psychologist is typically referred to with his full name 'James Mark Baldwin' to avoid confusion with the writer James Baldwin. In academic psychology writing, 'Baldwin' alone is sometimes used, but the full name is preferred on first mention.
常見錯誤
3. Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley (1867–1947), a British Conservative
Stanley Baldwin, 1st Earl Baldwin of Bewdley (1867–1947), a British Conservative politician who served as Prime Minister of the United Kingdom three times between 1923 and 1937, leading the country through the General Strike of 1926 and the abdication crisis of 1936.
Stanley Baldwin was the British Prime Minister during the abdication of King Edward VIII in 1936.
[person] was Prime Minister during [event] — political context
Constanza read a biography of Stanley Baldwin to understand British politics between the two world wars.
Historians often praise Stanley Baldwin's steady leadership during the nine-day General Strike of 1926.
Dahlia's history professor described Stanley Baldwin as a calm and cautious leader in a time of great change.
Several biographies of Stanley Baldwin examine his handling of the rising threat from Nazi Germany in the 1930s.
用法筆記
Stanley Baldwin is most commonly referred to with his full name 'Stanley Baldwin' in British political history. He is also known by his title 'Earl Baldwin of Bewdley,' though this formal title is less common in general historical writing.