bureaucracy
bureaucracy — noun
1. the network of offices and officials that runs a government or large organizatio
the network of offices and officials that runs a government or large organization through fixed steps, paperwork, and clear ranks, often making simple matters slow and complicated.
The hospital's bureaucracy kept Leila waiting three months for a wheelchair.
possessive pattern: the hospital's bureaucracy
City bureaucracy made Bao get five stamps before opening the shop.
bureaucracy + made + object + verb
Parents complained that school bureaucracy delayed lunch money for new students.
Even the mayor admitted the bureaucracy moves too slowly after floods.
Layers of bureaucracy stopped Ravi from replacing the broken streetlight.
- administration
more neutral; can simply mean the way an organization is managed
- red tape
focuses on annoying rules and paperwork rather than the whole structure
- officialdom
formal and critical; stresses officials as a group
- civil service
usually means government employees themselves, especially in one country
文法句型
bureaucracy of + organization
layers of bureaucracy
用法筆記
Usually modified by the place or institution involved, as in government bureaucracy, city bureaucracy, or university bureaucracy. Often carries a negative tone and appears with verbs such as cut through, reduce, complain about, or get stuck in.