exclude

exclude — verb

1. to keep a person or thing out of a place, or to refuse to let someone join an ac

1.動詞及物B1
釋義

to keep a person or thing out of a place, or to refuse to let someone join an activity, often because of rules, physical barriers, or a formal decision.

例句

Sari was excluded from the competition because she had missed the registration deadline.

passive: be excluded from [activity]

The tall fence around the construction site is meant to exclude children who might wander in.

exclude + noun phrase + from + place

同義詞
  • shut out

    more informal; emphasizes the physical act of blocking entry

  • bar

    more formal; often implies a legal or official prohibition

  • keep out

    common phrasal verb; less formal than 'exclude'

反義詞
  • admit

    to allow someone to enter

  • include

    to make someone or something part of a group or activity

文法句型

exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase/gerund

用法筆記

The object is usually a person, animal, or thing. When specifying the place or activity, the preposition 'from' is always required.

常見錯誤

❌The club excluded of him because he was late.
✅The club excluded him because he was late.
💡'exclude' is transitive; no preposition comes right after the verb before the object.
❌The school excluded him to join the team.
✅The school excluded him from the team.
💡after 'exclude,' you use 'from,' not 'to.'

2. to deliberately choose not to put a certain item, fact, or person into something

2.動詞及物B1
釋義

to deliberately choose not to put a certain item, fact, or person into something you are making, writing, or planning, so that it is absent from the final result.

例句

Olivia decided to exclude the old photos from the family album to save space.

exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase

The annual report excluded any mention of the financial problems the company faced.

同義詞
  • omit

    can be either intentional or accidental; 'exclude' is always deliberate

  • leave out

    more informal phrasal verb

  • skip

    informal; to pass over without including

反義詞
  • include

    to make something part of the group or set

文法句型

exclude + noun phrase + from + noun phrase

用法筆記

Common in formal and written contexts such as contracts, reports, policies, and academic writing. The deliberate nature distinguishes this sense from 'omit,' which can be accidental.

常見錯誤

❌The recipe accidentally excluded the salt.
✅The recipe accidentally omitted the salt.
💡'exclude' implies a deliberate choice; for unintentional absence, use 'omit' or 'leave out.'

3. to reach the judgment that a particular idea, explanation, or possibility is not

3.動詞及物B2
釋義

to reach the judgment that a particular idea, explanation, or possibility is not correct or cannot happen, especially after considering the evidence.

例句

The police have not yet excluded the possibility that the fire was started on purpose.

exclude + the possibility + that-clause

Doctors excluded a viral infection after reviewing the results of the blood tests.

同義詞
  • rule out

    more common in everyday speech than 'exclude' for this meaning

  • dismiss

    suggests rejecting without full examination

  • eliminate

    to remove from a set of possibilities after careful checking

反義詞
  • allow for

    to consider a possibility as still open

文法句型

exclude + the possibility + that-clause

be excluded + as + noun phrase

用法筆記

The object is nearly always an abstract noun such as 'possibility,' 'chance,' 'hypothesis,' or 'theory.' Frequently appears in the negative form ('cannot exclude the possibility').

常見錯誤

❌I exclude that he is guilty.
✅I cannot exclude the possibility that he is guilty.
💡in this sense, the object should be an abstract concept like 'possibility' or 'chance,' not a person.