flora

flora — noun

1. all the plants that grow naturally in a specific place, region, or during a part

1.名詞B2
釋義

all the plants that grow naturally in a specific place, region, or during a particular period of time — for example, the plants found in a rainforest, a desert, or a prehistoric era.

例句

The flora of Madagascar includes thousands of plant species found nowhere else on Earth.

collocation: flora of + [place]

Scientists study the ancient flora of the Arctic by examining fossils from the Ice Age.

同義詞
  • vegetation

    broader term for all plant cover; less scientific and less likely to include a historical or regional perspective

  • plant life

    simpler everyday alternative, common in general writing

  • greenery

    informal, emphasizes the visual green aspect of plants; not used for scientific contexts

反義詞
  • fauna

    the animals of a particular place or time, commonly contrasted with flora

文法句型

flora of + [place/period]

[adjective] + flora

用法筆記

Flora is typically uncountable and refers to the collective plant life of an area. It is often paired with 'fauna' (the animals of the area) in the set phrase 'flora and fauna'.

常見錯誤

There are many floras in this forest.
There is a wide variety of flora in this forest.
💡Flora is uncountable; it names the whole collection of plants, not individual ones.

2. the community of tiny organisms — mainly bacteria — that naturally live inside a

2.名詞C1
釋義

the community of tiny organisms — mainly bacteria — that naturally live inside an animal's body, especially in the digestive system, where they help with processes such as breaking down food.

例句

The human gut flora helps break down food and produces vitamins that the body needs.

collocation: gut flora

Doctors say that taking antibiotics can change the natural flora inside your digestive system.

collocation: natural flora

同義詞
  • microbiome

    more modern term that includes the genetic material of all microbes; gaining popularity over 'flora'

  • microflora

    more technical synonym, same meaning but less common

  • bacteria

    only covers one type of organism in the flora; narrower in meaning

文法句型

[location] + flora

[adjective] + flora

用法筆記

This sense is almost always modified by a location adjective ('gut', 'intestinal', 'oral', 'skin') that specifies where the microorganisms live. Frequently used in medical and scientific writing.

常見錯誤

The gut flora are responsible for digestion.
The gut flora is responsible for digestion.
💡Though flora refers to many organisms, it takes a singular verb in standard English.