fresh
fresh — noun
1. a sudden, strong increase in the amount of water flowing in a river or similar b
a sudden, strong increase in the amount of water flowing in a river or similar body of water, often caused by heavy rain or melting snow
A fresh poured down the narrow canyon after three days of heavy rain.
collocation: pour down — describes water moving fast
The spring fresh washed away the footbridge that locals had used for years.
often caused by spring snowmelt
Caleb warned the campers that a fresh could arrive without warning during the thaw.
The river rose fast as the fresh brought down mud and branches from the hills.
In the old village, everyone watched the river level closely when the fresh season began.
- drought
a long period with little or no water, the opposite of a sudden rush of water
文法句型
the + fresh
a + fresh
用法筆記
Usually used in the singular. This sense is most common in discussions of rivers and streams in mountainous regions during spring thaw or after heavy storms.
常見錯誤
2. a natural source of water that contains no salt and is safe to drink, like a sma
a natural source of water that contains no salt and is safe to drink, like a small stream or spring found in the countryside
The hikers filled their bottles at a clear, cold fresh running through the field.
collocation: clear and cold — typical description of a freshwater spring
The old map marked a fresh for travelers crossing the desert.
used in historical or travel contexts
Vinícius found a small fresh hidden in the rocks, its clear water showing every pebble below.
During the dry season, this fresh was the only drinking water for miles around.
The villagers built a wall around the fresh to keep animals from muddying the water.
- freshwater spring
the more common modern term; clearer and less ambiguous
- freshwater pool
used when the water is still rather than flowing
- salt spring
a spring that contains salty rather than fresh water
文法句型
a + fresh
the + fresh
用法筆記
Now somewhat old-fashioned or regional; modern English more commonly uses 'freshwater spring' or 'freshwater stream' instead of the standalone noun 'fresh'.
fresh — adjective
1. different from something that already existed; put in place of or added to what
different from something that already existed; put in place of or added to what was there before.
The company decided to take a fresh approach to solving customer complaints.
collocation: fresh approach
Kwame said the team needed fresh ideas if they wanted to win the competition.
The teacher asked the class to write a fresh version of their reports before Friday.
A fresh coat of paint can make an old room feel completely different.
- new
broader meaning; 'fresh' emphasizes replacement of something older
- additional
focuses on adding rather than replacing
- different
general term; 'fresh' adds the idea of improvement
文法句型
fresh + noun
常見錯誤
2. interesting and enjoyable because of being different from what people are used t
interesting and enjoyable because of being different from what people are used to; original in a lively way.
The young designer's collection feels fresh and full of new ideas.
predicative: feel + fresh
Yuki's singing style brought a fresh sound to the school talent show.
The film offers a fresh take on an old story that many people already knew.
After years of the same routines, the club wanted something fresh to attract members.
Sivan thought the garden's fresh look came from the new flower beds and curved paths.
- novel
stronger sense of unusualness, slightly more formal
- original
emphasizes being the first of its kind
- innovative
focuses on new methods or ideas
文法句型
fresh + noun
be + fresh
常見錯誤
3. a chance to leave behind past difficulties and begin living or working in a comp
a chance to leave behind past difficulties and begin living or working in a completely new way or place, with hope for a better result.
After her divorce, Alessia moved to a small town for a fresh start.
fixed phrase: a fresh start
The new manager gave the department a fresh start by changing how work was organized.
Kwame saw the transfer to the London office as a chance for a fresh start.
The school offered struggling students a fresh start through a special support program.
- new beginning
more general; 'fresh start' implies recovery from difficulty
- clean slate
informal, metaphorical; emphasizes wiping out past mistakes
文法句型
a + fresh + start
用法筆記
Almost always used in the expression 'a fresh start' with the indefinite article. The focus is on the hope of improvement, not just any new beginning.
常見錯誤
4. just produced, completed, or experienced, so that it still has its original qual
just produced, completed, or experienced, so that it still has its original qualities and has not been changed by the passing of time.
There is fresh paint on the classroom walls, so please do not touch them.
The accident was still fresh in Defne's memory when she spoke to the police officer.
collocation: fresh in one's memory
The baker puts fresh bread on the shelves every morning at six o'clock.
Liam's fresh bruises from the fall worried the school nurse.
The journalist filed a fresh report on the election results just two hours ago.
文法句型
fresh + noun
be + fresh
fresh in + noun phrase
用法筆記
Common in the expression 'fresh in someone's mind/memory', which describes something recently experienced that is still clearly remembered. Unlike sense 6, this sense does not apply to food or flowers.
常見錯誤
5. having none of something left because the entire supply was recently used up, fi
having none of something left because the entire supply was recently used up, finished, or sold to others.
The restaurant told us they were fresh out of the lunch special by two o'clock.
predicative phrase: be + fresh out of
Trang tried to buy concert tickets, but the box office was fresh out of them.
I am fresh out of ideas for dinner tonight, so ordering pizza sounds good.
The shop was fresh out of notebooks, so David bought pens and loose paper instead.
- well-stocked
formal; opposite of having run out
- fully supplied
neutral; opposite meaning
文法句型
be + fresh out of + noun
用法筆記
Always used in the fixed expression 'fresh out of' in predicative position (after 'be'). It is informal — in formal writing, 'we have just run out of' is preferred. Not used attributively (you cannot say 'fresh-out-of bread').
常見錯誤
6. harvested, caught, or made shortly before being used or sold, so that it has not
harvested, caught, or made shortly before being used or sold, so that it has not been preserved by freezing, canning, or any other process.
The market sells fresh vegetables that local farmers picked the same morning.
attributive: fresh + food noun
Paloma bought fresh flowers for the dining table at the weekend market.
Layla prefers to use fresh herbs instead of dried ones when she cooks pasta sauce.
Fresh fish tastes much better than frozen fish if you prepare it the same day.
Nora squeezed fresh oranges to make juice for the children's breakfast.
文法句型
fresh + noun
be + fresh
用法筆記
When describing food, this is the most common meaning of 'fresh'. The opposite is 'frozen', 'canned', or 'dried'. For meat, 'fresh' means it has never been frozen.
常見錯誤
7. Fresh air is clean, cool, and usually found outdoors rather than inside a room o
Fresh air is clean, cool, and usually found outdoors rather than inside a room or building.
Dahlia opened the window to let some fresh air into the stuffy kitchen.
collocation: fresh air / get some fresh air
After sitting indoors all morning, the children ran outside for fresh air.
The fresh mountain breeze carried the scent of pine trees.
A short walk in the park gave them a breath of fresh air before the meeting.
文法句型
fresh + noun (air, breeze, breath)
用法筆記
Frequently used with 'get some' or 'a breath of' to describe going outdoors after being inside. The opposite is 'stuffy' or 'stale' air.
常見錯誤
8. If the weather is fresh, it is cool and sometimes windy, often in a way that fee
If the weather is fresh, it is cool and sometimes windy, often in a way that feels bracing rather than unpleasant.
A fresh wind blew in from the sea, making the flags flap noisily.
fresh + wind describing weather
It was a fresh autumn morning, so Eitan wore a light jacket.
The forecast says fresh conditions with scattered clouds and temperatures around 15 °C.
Adisa enjoyed the fresh breeze on the deck of the ferry.
文法句型
fresh + noun (wind, breeze, morning)
用法筆記
Common in weather forecasts and outdoor descriptions. 'Fresh' as a weather term implies cooler temperatures than 'mild' and is milder than 'cold'.
常見錯誤
9. Looking clean, not faded, worn, or marked by use — like something that has been
Looking clean, not faded, worn, or marked by use — like something that has been recently washed, ironed, or painted.
Nadia put fresh sheets on the bed before the guests arrived.
collocation: fresh sheets / fresh towels
The hotel room had fresh white towels folded neatly on the shelf.
A coat of fresh paint made the old kitchen look like a new room.
Min changed into a fresh shirt after the long train ride.
文法句型
fresh + noun (clothes, sheets, towel, paint)
用法筆記
Commonly describes linens, clothing, and paint. Unlike 'clean', 'fresh' emphasises the sensation of newness and the pleasant state after washing or renewing.
常見錯誤
10. Feeling energetic, alert, and ready to do things, especially after rest or a pos
Feeling energetic, alert, and ready to do things, especially after rest or a positive experience.
After a good night's sleep, Devika felt fresh and ready for the hike.
predicative: feel + fresh (after rest)
The yoga session left everyone feeling fresh and full of energy.
Andrei looked fresh despite having worked a twelve-hour shift.
A quick shower and a cup of tea made Brandon feel fresh again.
文法句型
feel / look / be + fresh
用法筆記
Predominantly predicative (after 'feel', 'look', 'be'). The opposite sense within the same word is sense 13 (rude/too confident) — context determines which meaning applies.
常見錯誤
11. A fresh face or complexion looks naturally healthy, clear, and youthful, without
A fresh face or complexion looks naturally healthy, clear, and youthful, without needing makeup or treatment.
Roya's skin had a fresh glow after her holiday by the sea.
collocation: fresh glow
The fresh complexion of the children showed they spent plenty of time outdoors.
attributive: fresh + complexion
Hannah's face looked fresh and bright even without any makeup.
The advertisement showed a model with fresh, clear skin and a big smile.
- tired-looking
appearing worn out or lacking sleep
- dull
skin lacking brightness or vitality
文法句型
fresh + noun (skin, face, complexion)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 10 (full of energy) — sense 11 specifically describes physical appearance (skin, face), not internal energy levels. Often used in beauty and skincare contexts.
常見錯誤
12. Fresh water contains little or no salt, making it suitable for drinking, farming
Fresh water contains little or no salt, making it suitable for drinking, farming, and supporting river and lake wildlife.
The lake is one of the largest bodies of fresh water in the region.
attributive: fresh water (noun phrase)
Farmers rely on fresh water from the river to irrigate their crops.
Unlike ocean fish, trout can only survive in fresh water.
Élise filled the bottle with fresh water from the mountain spring.
文法句型
fresh + noun (water, lake, river)
用法筆記
Almost always used attributively before 'water'. The distinction between 'fresh water' and 'salt water' is a basic geographical and biological classification. 'Fresh water' is not usually hyphenated (unlike 'freshwater fish').
常見錯誤
13. acting or speaking with excessive confidence, so that others consider it rude or
acting or speaking with excessive confidence, so that others consider it rude or offensive, and sometimes implying sexual interest
The waiter gave such a fresh reply that Felix complained to the manager.
collocation: fresh reply / fresh remark
Putri's grandmother warned her not to be fresh with the guests at dinner.
pattern: be fresh with [someone]
Roya was sent to the head teacher for being fresh during maths class.
Andrés received a formal warning for making fresh remarks to a colleague.
Jiwoo's mother scolded him for his fresh attitude toward the elderly neighbour.
- respectful
opposite in showing proper consideration for others
- polite
opposite in adhering to social conventions of good behaviour
文法句型
be fresh with [someone]
make a fresh remark / comment
用法筆記
Frequently used in warnings or scoldings about someone's behaviour, especially by parents, teachers, or authority figures. The sense often carries an implication of inappropriate boldness rather than outright cruelty.
常見錯誤
14. modern, attractive, and fashionable in an impressive or appealing way, especiall
modern, attractive, and fashionable in an impressive or appealing way, especially in clothing, music, or appearance
Christopher showed up wearing a fresh new jacket from Tokyo.
collocation: fresh + [clothing item]
Nia's hairstyle looked really fresh at the school dance last Friday.
slang register for fashionable appearance
The band's fresh sound attracted a lot of young fans quickly.
Shanti bought a pair of fresh sneakers for the party tonight.
Ada's apartment has a fresh modern style with bright furniture.
文法句型
fresh + noun (clothes, look, style, sound)
用法筆記
Common in youth slang and hip-hop culture. Often used as a compliment for someone's outfit, hairstyle, or overall look. Not used in formal contexts.
常見錯誤
15. having a clean, natural, and enjoyable taste or smell without any unpleasant or
having a clean, natural, and enjoyable taste or smell without any unpleasant or artificial qualities
The fresh bread from the bakery filled the whole street with a lovely smell.
collocation: fresh bread / fresh herbs / fresh coffee
Soraya picked fresh herbs from the garden for the evening soup.
Christopher enjoyed the fresh taste of mint in his iced tea.
Nothing beats the smell of fresh coffee on a rainy morning in Taipei.
The fresh flowers on the table made the whole room feel welcoming.
文法句型
fresh + noun (bread, herbs, coffee, flowers, air)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 6 (NOT FROZEN): sense 15 describes the sensory experience of taste and smell, while sense 6 refers to the state of being recently picked or not preserved. Both can apply to the same item, e.g., 'fresh bread' might mean both newly baked (sense 6) and good-tasting (sense 15).
常見錯誤
fresh — adverb
1. used just before a past participle to mean that something was made, prepared, or
used just before a past participle to mean that something was made, prepared, or produced only a short time ago — such as fresh-baked bread being bread that came out of the oven very recently.
The children ate fresh-baked bread still warm from the oven.
collocation: fresh-baked bread / bread fresh from the oven
Gita prefers fresh-ground coffee to the instant kind.
collocation: fresh-ground coffee
After the morning rain, fresh-cut roses filled Noor's garden with a sweet smell.
Fresh-made sandwiches with local ingredients sell quickly at the bakery.
Quan served fresh-picked strawberries from his family's farm for dessert.
文法句型
fresh + past participle + noun (fresh-baked bread)
fresh + from + place/situation (fresh from the garden)
用法筆記
The adverb fresh is used mainly before past participles to form compound adjectives (fresh-baked, fresh-cut, fresh-ground). In formal writing, the adverb freshly is more common.
fresh — prefix
1. used before the past participle of a verb to form an adjective describing someth
used before the past participle of a verb to form an adjective describing something that has just been made, prepared, or finished — for example, fresh-baked bread, fresh-cut grass, or fresh-painted walls.
The smell of fresh-baked bread drew customers into the little bakery.
prefix: fresh-baked + noun (food just out of oven)
Rohan walked barefoot across the fresh-mown grass in the backyard.
A fresh-painted wall can make a whole room feel new and clean.
Élise arranged the fresh-cut roses in a tall glass vase by the window.
Vikram poured himself a cup of fresh-made coffee before starting work.
文法句型
fresh- + past participle
用法筆記
Only combines with past participles, not with -ing forms or other verb forms. Common pairings include bake, cut, mow, paint, press, make, catch, pick, and grind.