require
require — verb
1. to have a particular need for something because the situation or purpose calls f
to have a particular need for something because the situation or purpose calls for it.
Baking a chocolate cake requires three fresh eggs and two cups of flour.
require + noun phrase
Charlotte's new role in sales requires her to travel overseas four times a year.
require + object + to-infinitive
Getting a pilot's license requires passing both written exams and flight tests.
A valid passport is required for entry into most countries around the world.
Dahlia's antique wooden desk requires a complete sanding before it can be painted.
- need
less formal, more common in everyday speech
- call for
informal, often used in British English, e.g. 'The recipe calls for butter'
- necessitate
formal, used in writing to stress that something is unavoidable
- demand
stronger, implies a high level of urgency or importance
- forgo
to choose to live without something needed
文法句型
require + noun phrase
require + doing something
require + somebody + to do something
be required for
用法筆記
More formal than 'need'; preferred in writing and official contexts. In everyday speech, 'need' is far more common. The pattern 'require + somebody + to-infinitive' (e.g. 'the job requires him to travel') overlaps with sense 2 but here the necessity comes from the situation, not from a person or authority giving an order.
常見錯誤
2. to officially tell someone that they must do something, because a law, rule, or
to officially tell someone that they must do something, because a law, rule, or the person in charge says it is necessary.
The factory requires all workers to wear safety goggles at all times.
require + object + to-infinitive
Adisa was required by law to register for military service at eighteen.
passive: be required + to-infinitive
The visa application requires that applicants submit their original birth certificate.
School rules require students to turn off their phones during class.
Rodrigo's doctor required him to reduce his sugar intake after his checkup.
文法句型
require + somebody + to do something
require + that-clause
be required + to do something
be required by
用法筆記
Frequently appears in passive constructions ('be required to do something'). The that-clause pattern usually takes the subjunctive in formal English: 'requires that he be present', not 'requires that he is present'. Distinguish from sense 1: here the obligation comes from a conscious authority figure, rule, or law, not from circumstances.