whereas
whereas — conjunction
1. used to join two statements that are both true but different in a way that is wo
used to join two statements that are both true but different in a way that is worth noticing — the second statement contrasts with the first
Sari loves living in a big city, whereas Gabriel prefers the peace of a small town.
contrast pattern: [preference A], whereas [preference B]
In Japan, people usually bow when greeting someone, whereas in many Western countries they shake hands.
contrasting cultural practices with whereas
The 2023 report showed strong growth in sales, whereas the 2024 figures remained flat.
Some students learn best by reading, whereas others need to hear information explained aloud.
Aoi ordered the fish, whereas her friend chose the vegetarian option.
- while
less formal; can also express time (B1)
- on the other hand
phrasal alternative; works as a discourse marker too (B1)
- by contrast
more formal; often begins a new sentence (B2)
文法句型
[statement A], whereas [statement B]
用法筆記
The clause that begins with 'whereas' always states the second point of contrast. Unlike 'while', 'whereas' never indicates a time relationship. In formal writing, a comma usually appears before 'whereas' when it connects two independent clauses.
常見錯誤
whereas — noun
1. a paragraph at the start of a legal or official document that explains the backg
a paragraph at the start of a legal or official document that explains the background, reasons, or purpose for the rules that follow
The lease agreement began with a 'whereas' that explained why the two parties were signing the contract.
countable: a whereas + that-clause
A lawyer must check that every 'whereas' in the resolution accurately states the facts.
The whereas of the partnership deed listed the business goals agreed upon by both owners.
文法句型
the whereas of [document]
[document] contains a whereas
用法筆記
In formal legal writing, a 'whereas' often begins with the word 'Whereas' as a heading, followed by a series of numbered statements. This sense is almost exclusively used in legal, governmental, or corporate documents.
常見錯誤
2. a part of a formal document that sets a condition or restriction that must be sa
a part of a formal document that sets a condition or restriction that must be satisfied for the main agreement to take effect
The contract included a 'whereas' stating that payment was due only after the goods passed inspection.
conditional whereas: stating that + condition
A 'whereas' in the agreement limited the company's liability in the event of shipping delays.
The whereases in the resolution outlined several conditions that had to be met before any funds could be released.
- provision
more general term for any clause or condition in a document (B2)
- stipulation
emphasises that something is demanded as part of an agreement (C1)
文法句型
a whereas + that-clause
[document] contains a whereas
用法筆記
Distinguish from noun sense 1 (LEGAL PREAMBLE): sense 1 introduces the background facts, whereas sense 2 introduces a condition or restriction. In many legal documents, multiple 'whereases' may appear, some stating background and others stating conditions.