absorption
absorption — 名詞
1. the way that one material — for example water, air, sound, or heat — soaks into
吸收
物質或能量被吸入另一物體的過程
the way that one material — for example water, air, sound, or heat — soaks into or is drawn inside another, so that it becomes part of it.
Vitamin D helps the absorption of calcium from food into the bones.
維生素D有助於骨骼從食物中吸收鈣質。
absorption of [substance] into [body part]
Dark curtains improve the absorption of sound in the small recording room.
深色窗簾能改善這間小錄音室裡的聲音吸收效果。
absorption of sound / energy
Dr. Patel measured the absorption of the dye by the cotton fibres.
Patel博士測量了棉纖維對染料的吸收量。
Black surfaces show high absorption of heat from sunlight.
黑色表面對陽光熱能的吸收度很高。
The skin's absorption of the cream was slow because of the cold weather.
因為天氣冷，皮膚對乳霜的吸收速度變慢了。
- uptake
more technical; common in biology and economics
- soaking up
informal phrasing for the same physical process
- release
the opposite direction — letting a substance out
- reflection
specifically for light or sound bouncing back instead of being taken in
文法句型
absorption of [substance]
absorption into [body/material]
用法筆記
Almost always uncountable. Subject is typically a substance, surface, or body part; the thing taken in is introduced by 'of', and the receiving medium often by 'into' or 'by'.
常見錯誤
2. the state of being so deeply focused on a book, task, or thought that you almost
全神貫注
完全沉浸於某事而忘了周遭
the state of being so deeply focused on a book, task, or thought that you almost forget what is happening around you.
Nikolai's absorption in her painting was so deep that she missed dinner.
Nikolai全神貫注於畫畫，連晚餐都忘了吃。
absorption in [activity]
The boy's complete absorption in the video game worried his parents.
這個男孩太沉迷電玩，讓父母很擔心。
complete / total absorption
Sophie's absorption in her novel kept her at the desk past midnight.
Sophie全神貫注於她的小說，讓她在書桌前一直待到午夜過後。
Mr. Lin watched the chess players' silent absorption in the final match.
林先生看著棋手們在最後一局裡安靜地全神貫注。
- engrossment
formal; same idea of total focus
- preoccupation
may suggest worry, not just deep interest
- concentration
more about effort; absorption suggests being lost in something
- distraction
the opposite mental state — attention pulled away
文法句型
absorption in [activity/subject]
用法筆記
Frequently followed by 'in' + a noun naming the activity or subject of focus. Often modified by 'complete', 'total', or 'deep'. Distinguish from sense 1 (TAKING IN) by the abstract subject — a person's mind, not a substance.
常見錯誤
3. in business, the act of a company paying extra costs or losses itself rather tha
自行吸收成本
公司自行承擔成本而不轉嫁
in business, the act of a company paying extra costs or losses itself rather than passing them on to customers or workers.
The factory announced full absorption of the new tariff costs to keep prices steady.
工廠宣布全額吸收新關稅成本，以維持產品售價穩定。
absorption of costs
Shareholders questioned the bank's absorption of millions in trading losses.
股東們質疑銀行為何要自行吸收數百萬的交易虧損。
absorption of losses
Cost absorption helped the small bakery hold its bread prices through the winter.
自行吸收成本的做法，幫這家小麵包店在冬天維持了麵包售價。
The hotel chain's absorption of higher fuel charges protected its loyal travellers.
這家連鎖飯店自行吸收上漲的燃料費用，保護了忠實的旅客。
- soaking up
informal version used in business journalism
- pass-through
passing costs directly to customers instead of paying them
文法句型
absorption of [costs/losses]
用法筆記
Subject is normally a company, bank, or government body. Object (after 'of') is almost always negative — costs, losses, fees, taxes, charges. Common in business news and accounting reports.
4. the way a smaller company, region, or group is taken in by a larger one and beco
併吞；併入
小團體被大團體納入而失去獨立性
the way a smaller company, region, or group is taken in by a larger one and becomes part of it, often losing its separate identity.
The absorption of the local bus firm into the national operator cost many drivers their old uniforms.
當地客運公司被全國業者併入後，許多司機的舊制服都換掉了。
absorption of X into Y
Workers feared the absorption of their small studio by the Hollywood giant.
員工們擔心他們的小工作室會被好萊塢巨頭併吞。
absorption of X by Y
The 1990 absorption of East Germany into the West changed the country's economy overnight.
1990年東德併入西德的事件，一夜之間改變了這個國家的經濟。
Many villagers resisted the absorption of their farming community into the growing city.
許多村民反對自己的農村社區被快速擴張的城市併入。
- takeover
more neutral; everyday business word for the same event
- assimilation
stresses the smaller group adopting the larger one's culture
- merger
suggests two equal parties; absorption suggests one swallowing the other
- separation
the smaller group breaking away rather than being taken in
文法句型
absorption of [smaller group] into [larger group]
用法筆記
The smaller party usually appears after 'of' and the larger one after 'into' or 'by'. Often carries a slight negative tone of identity being lost. Distinguish from sense 1 — here the things merging are organisations or groups, not substances.