administer
administer — 動詞
1. to take official responsibility for how a company, school, hospital, or large pr
管理；經營
負責機構或計畫的日常運作
to take official responsibility for how a company, school, hospital, or large program runs each day, including its staff, money, and rules.
Ms. Lin has administered the children's hospital in Taipei for fifteen years.
林女士已經管理這間台北的兒童醫院長達十五年。
subject is a person in charge of an institution
The scholarship fund is administered by a small team of three retired teachers.
這項獎學金基金由三位退休老師組成的小團隊負責經營。
passive: be administered by + [body]
A new committee will administer the village library after the old board resigns.
舊董事會辭職後，將由新成立的委員會來管理這座村莊圖書館。
Viraj was hired to administer the daily operations of two coffee shops.
Viraj 受聘負責管理兩家咖啡店的日常營運。
Local councils administer most public parks, schools, and rubbish collection in this region.
這個地區的公園、學校和垃圾收集，多半由地方議會管理。
文法句型
administer + [organization/program]
be administered by + [body]
用法筆記
Subject is usually a person, committee, or institution; object is usually a sizeable organization, fund, or program rather than a small task. Distinguish from sense 2: this sense covers private bodies and programs, not the governing of a country or region.
常見錯誤
2. to rule a country, colony, or area on behalf of a government, making official de
治理；統治
代表政府管轄國家或地區
to rule a country, colony, or area on behalf of a government, making official decisions about laws, taxes, and public services.
Hong Kong was administered by Britain for more than a century before 1997.
在 1997 年以前，香港由英國治理超過一個世紀。
passive: be administered by + [country]
The northern islands are administered directly from the capital by a small office.
北方那些島嶼，由首都的一個小型辦公室直接治理。
After the war, the United Nations administered the territory for almost ten years.
戰後，聯合國治理該領土將近十年。
Governor Suzuki administers the prefecture with help from elected local mayors.
鈴木縣長在民選地方鎮長的協助下治理這個縣。
- govern
near-equivalent; 'govern' is more common in everyday writing
- rule
stronger sense of authority and power, often a single ruler
- preside over
more ceremonial; suggests being the visible head
文法句型
administer + [country/region]
be administered by + [authority]
用法筆記
Object is a political area such as a country, colony, region, or territory, not a private organization. Frequently passive when naming the ruling power. Distinguish from sense 1, where the object is a company or program.
常見錯誤
3. to officially give something such as medicine, an injection, first aid, a punish
施行；給予
正式給藥、急救、考試或處罰
to officially give something such as medicine, an injection, first aid, a punishment, or a test to a person, in a careful and controlled way — for example, a nurse giving a vaccine, or a teacher giving an exam.
Nurse Patel administered the flu vaccine to every child in the morning class.
Patel 護理師早上替班上每位孩童施打流感疫苗。
administer + [medicine] + to + [person]
Paramedics quickly administered first aid to the cyclist at the side of the road.
救護員在路邊迅速為那位自行車騎士施行急救。
administer + first aid + to + [person]
Ms. Cheng will administer the math exam to all eighth-grade students on Friday.
鄭老師將於週五對所有八年級學生施行數學考試。
The judge administered a strict punishment for repeat traffic offences.
法官對累犯的交通違規者施以嚴厲的處罰。
Two drops of the medicine are administered under the tongue every six hours.
這款藥每六小時要在舌下給予兩滴。
- withhold
to refuse to give something that should be given
文法句型
administer + [medicine/test/aid] + to + [person]
administer + [person] + [medicine/test]
用法筆記
Common objects are 'medicine', 'a vaccine', 'an injection', 'first aid', 'a test', 'an exam', 'a punishment', 'an oath'. Sounds formal or technical; everyday speech prefers 'give'. Distinguish from sense 1: here the object is a single thing handed to a person, not an entire institution.
常見錯誤
4. to officially lead someone in saying an oath — for example, a judge having a new
監誓
正式主持他人宣誓的儀式
to officially lead someone in saying an oath — for example, a judge having a new president repeat the words of a formal promise out loud at a ceremony.
Chief Justice Wong administered the oath of office to the new president on Monday morning.
週一早上，王首席大法官為新任總統監誓就職。
administer + the oath of office + to + [person]
A senior judge will administer the oath to every new police officer at the academy.
一位資深法官將在警察學校為每位新進員警監誓。
The court clerk quietly administered an oath to each witness before they spoke.
法庭書記員在每位證人開口作證前，悄悄為他們監誓。
The mayor was nervous as the governor administered her oath in front of the crowd.
市長在群眾面前由縣長監誓時顯得相當緊張。
- swear in
common phrasal-verb equivalent: 'swear in the new president'
文法句型
administer + an oath + to + [person]
administer + the oath of office
用法筆記
Almost always 'administer an oath' or 'administer the oath of office', followed by 'to + [person]'. Subject is a judge, clerk, or other official with the legal right to do this. Distinguish from sense 3: this sense names a specific ceremonial speech act, not the giving of medicine or a test.