basal

basal — 形容詞

1. lying at the deepest layer of a body tissue, especially the row of cells at the

1.形容詞C2
釋義

基底層的

位於皮膚最底層、產生新細胞的

lying at the deepest layer of a body tissue, especially the row of cells at the very bottom of the skin where new skin cells are made.

例句

Dr. Lior explained that the basal cells of the skin keep dividing to replace older cells above them.

Dr. Lior 解釋說，皮膚的基底細胞會不斷分裂，以替換上方比較老的細胞。

attributive: basal + cells

Tariq's dermatologist found early sun damage in the basal layer of her shoulder skin.

Tariq 的皮膚科醫師在她肩膀皮膚的基底層發現了早期的曬傷。

collocation: basal layer

同義詞
  • deepest

    everyday word; 'basal' is the medical term for the deepest skin layer

  • bottom

    general; 'basal' adds a clinical, anatomical flavour

反義詞
  • superficial

    medical opposite, referring to the outer skin layers

文法句型

basal + noun

用法筆記

Almost always attributive (before a noun) and tied to a small set of medical or biological collocations such as 'basal cell', 'basal layer', and 'basal cell carcinoma'. Rarely used predicatively.

常見錯誤

❌The cells are basal in the skin.
✅The basal cells lie at the bottom of the skin.
💡'basal' is normally placed before the noun, not used after 'be'.

2. growing out of, sitting on, or shaping the lowest part of a plant, an organ, or

2.形容詞C2
釋義

基部的

從植物或物體最底部長出或構成的

growing out of, sitting on, or shaping the lowest part of a plant, an organ, or a solid object — for example, leaves that come straight from the foot of the stem near the soil.

例句

Saoirse admired the wide basal leaves spreading flat across the soil around the young oak tree.

Saoirse 欣賞著年輕橡樹腳邊那些貼在土上向外鋪開的寬大基生葉。

collocation: basal leaves

The gardener trimmed the basal shoots that had grown straight from the rose bush.

園丁修掉了從玫瑰叢底部直接長出的基生枝條。

collocation: basal shoots

同義詞
  • ground-level

    plain term for botanical contexts

  • underlying

    structural; 'basal' is more about literal position at the foot

反義詞
  • apical

    technical opposite for plants — at the tip rather than the base

文法句型

basal + noun

用法筆記

Subject is usually a plant part, geological feature, or physical structure. Distinguish from sense 1: this sense is about the foot of a plant or object in general, while sense 1 is specifically about the deepest skin tissue.

常見錯誤

❌These leaves grow basal on the plant.
✅These basal leaves grow near the ground.
💡'basal' modifies the noun, it does not work as an adverb.

3. describing the smallest amount of activity a body needs to keep working when it

3.形容詞C2
釋義

基礎；靜息的

身體完全休息時維持運作的最低水準

describing the smallest amount of activity a body needs to keep working when it is fully at rest — for example, the energy used for breathing and a steady heartbeat while a person lies still.

例句

The nurse measured Ravi's basal heart rate first thing in the morning before she got out of bed.

護理師在 Ravi 早上還沒下床前，先量了她的基礎心率。

collocation: basal heart rate

The clinic's fitness coach told Paloma that her basal metabolic rate had dropped after months of skipping breakfast.

診所的健身教練告訴 Paloma，她連續好幾個月不吃早餐後，基礎代謝率下降了。

collocation: basal metabolic rate

同義詞
  • resting

    everyday equivalent in fitness contexts (resting heart rate)

  • baseline

    general scientific term for a reference level of measurement

反義詞
  • peak

    highest level reached during activity, opposite of the at-rest minimum

文法句型

basal + noun

用法筆記

Frequently appears in fixed medical collocations: 'basal metabolic rate', 'basal body temperature', 'basal heart rate', 'basal insulin'. Distinguish from sense 2: here 'basal' refers to a baseline level of bodily function, not to physical position at the bottom of something.

常見錯誤

❌My basal feeling after running was tired.
✅My resting heart rate after running was high.
💡'basal' belongs to medical measurements, not everyday feelings; use 'resting' or 'baseline' in casual speech.