calvin
calvin — 人名
1. John Calvin (1509–1564), a French-born theologian who became a leading figure of
加爾文
法國出生的瑞士神學家與宗教改革家
John Calvin (1509–1564), a French-born theologian who became a leading figure of the Protestant Reformation. He settled in Geneva, where he developed a systematic theology known as Calvinism, centered on the sovereignty of God, predestination, and the absolute authority of the Bible. His most influential work, the Institutes of the Christian Religion, shaped the Reformed and Presbyterian traditions worldwide.
John Calvin's Institutes of the Christian Religion laid the foundation for much of Reformed theology.
John Calvin 的《基督教要義》為改革宗神學奠定了基礎。
full name + work title for referring to a historical theologian
Under John Calvin's leadership, the city of Geneva became a refuge for persecuted Protestants across Europe.
在 John Calvin 的領導下，日內瓦市成為歐洲各地受迫害新教徒的庇護所。
Students of Reformation history examine John Calvin's writings on church government and predestination.
研究宗教改革史的學生會研讀 John Calvin 關於教會治理與預定論的著作。
A museum in Geneva displays a portrait of John Calvin painted shortly before his death in 1564.
日內瓦的一座博物館展示了一幅 John Calvin 於 1564 年去世前不久繪製的肖像畫。
用法筆記
In theological and historical contexts, the surname 'Calvin' alone almost always refers to John Calvin. However, using the full name avoids ambiguity with other notable figures named Calvin.
2. Melvin Calvin (1911–1997), an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Che
卡爾文
發現卡爾文循環的美國化學家
Melvin Calvin (1911–1997), an American biochemist who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961 for his discovery of the Calvin cycle, the series of chemical reactions by which plants convert carbon dioxide from the atmosphere into organic compounds during photosynthesis. His work using radioactive carbon-14 as a tracer fundamentally advanced the understanding of how life captures and stores energy from sunlight.
Melvin Calvin won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1961 for tracing the path of carbon in photosynthesis.
Melvin Calvin 因追蹤光合作用中的碳途徑，於 1961 年獲得諾貝爾化學獎。
Nobel Prize context for referencing a scientist's achievement
Every biology textbook describes the Calvin cycle, the light-independent stage that Melvin Calvin discovered.
每本生物學教科書都會介紹 Calvin 循環——這是 Melvin Calvin 發現的光合作用光獨立反應階段。
By using radioactive carbon-14 in algae, Melvin Calvin mapped how plants build sugar from carbon dioxide.
Melvin Calvin 利用藻類中的放射性碳-14，繪製出植物從二氧化碳構建糖分的過程。
The discovery of the Calvin cycle earned Melvin Calvin a place in the history of biochemistry.
Calvin 循環的發現使 Melvin Calvin 在生化學史上佔有一席之地。
用法筆記
In scientific contexts, 'Calvin' is commonly paired with 'cycle' to refer to the biochemical pathway he discovered. The phrase 'Calvin cycle' is far more frequent than the personal name in modern science textbooks.