campaign
campaign — 名詞
1. an organized set of actions carried out over a period of time, with the aim of r
活動；運動
為特定目標規劃的一系列行動
an organized set of actions carried out over a period of time, with the aim of reaching a specific result in politics, business, or social issues.
The charity launched a campaign to raise money for clean drinking water in rural villages.
該慈善機構發起了一項活動，為偏遠鄉村的乾淨飲用水募款。
campaign + to-infinitive for purpose
Ravi helped run the mayor's re-election campaign by knocking on doors every weekend.
Ravi 每週末挨家挨戶敲門，協助市長競選連任的活動。
A strong advertising campaign doubled the company's sales within six months.
一場強而有力的廣告活動讓該公司的業績在半年內翻了一倍。
The environmental campaign persuaded the city council to ban single-use plastic bags.
環保運動說服了市議會禁用一次性塑膠袋。
Several local groups joined the campaign against building a new highway through the park.
數個在地團體加入了反對運動，阻止在公園內興建一條新的高速公路。
- drive
more focused on a single intense push, often shorter in duration than a campaign
- movement
broader and more grassroots-oriented, not always formally organized
- initiative
stresses the first step of starting something; can be smaller in scale
文法句型
campaign + for/against + noun
用法筆記
Often followed by a to-infinitive stating the goal, or by for/against + noun to indicate the target of the effort.
常見錯誤
2. a sequence of military actions — such as battles, attacks, or movements — that t
作戰；戰役
戰爭中一系列作戰行動
a sequence of military actions — such as battles, attacks, or movements — that together form one stage of a war and are aimed at a specific strategic outcome.
The general planned a winter campaign to push enemy forces back across the river.
將軍計劃了一場冬季作戰，將敵軍逼退到河的對岸。
military context: push enemy forces
During the desert campaign, the troops faced extreme heat and supply shortages.
在沙漠戰役期間，部隊面臨了極度高溫和物資短缺的困境。
Historians still debate the cost of the bombing campaign in terms of civilian lives.
歷史學家仍在辯論那場轟炸作戰對平民生命造成的代價。
The naval campaign lasted three years and involved hundreds of ships.
那場海軍戰役持續了三年，出動了數百艘船艦。
Poor weather forced the commander to call off the planned campaign through the mountain passes.
惡劣的天氣迫使指揮官取消了原定穿越山區隘口的作戰計畫。
用法筆記
Domain-specific to war and armed conflict. Unlike the PLANNED ACTIVITIES sense, this sense does not take a to-infinitive goal-phrase.
常見錯誤
campaign — 動詞
1. to take part in organized activities over a period of time in order to achieve a
推動；倡導
採取行動以達成某目標
to take part in organized activities over a period of time in order to achieve a particular goal, especially in politics, social causes, or business.
Leila campaigned for better school funding by speaking at town hall meetings and writing to newspapers.
Leila 在市民大會上發言並投書報紙，為改善學校經費而積極推動。
campaign + for + noun phrase
The residents campaigned against building a factory near their homes for over a year.
居民們花了一年多的時間，反對在自家附近興建工廠。
Yusuf is campaigning to become the student representative on the university board.
Yusuf 正在爭取成為大學董事會的學生代表。
Dr. Okafor has campaigned tirelessly for free healthcare in rural communities since 2015.
Okafor 醫師自 2015 年以來，一直不遺餘力地為偏鄉社區爭取免費醫療。
Local farmers are campaigning against the new law that restricts water usage during dry months.
當地農民正在抗議一項在乾旱月份限制用水的新法規。
文法句型
campaign + for + noun
campaign + against + noun
campaign + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Intransitive only — you campaign for/against something or campaign to do something, but you do NOT campaign someone. Distinguish from noun/1 (PLANNED ACTIVITIES): the verb focuses on the action of participating, the noun on the plan itself.
常見錯誤
2. to register a horse, boat, or similar competitor for a race or sporting event, a
參賽；報名
讓馬匹或船隻參加比賽
to register a horse, boat, or similar competitor for a race or sporting event, and to manage its training and participation.
The trainer campaigned his prize stallion in three major races across Europe last season.
這位馴馬師上個賽季帶著他獲獎的種馬，參加了歐洲三場主要賽事。
transitive: campaign + horse in + competition
The Watanabe family has campaigned yachts in the annual regatta for over twenty years.
渡邊家族二十年來都讓自家遊艇參加年度帆船賽。
Beatriz campaigned her greyhound in local track events before entering the national championship.
Beatriz 在帶她的灰狗參加全國錦標賽之前，先讓牠在地方賽事中出賽。
Few owners can afford to campaign a boat in the prestigious America's Cup competition.
沒有幾位船主負擔得起讓船隻參加享有盛名的美洲盃帆船賽。
The trainer decided not to campaign the young horse this season, letting it mature further.
馴馬師決定這季不讓年輕的馬匹參賽，讓牠慢慢成熟。
文法句型
campaign + noun (horse/boat)
用法筆記
Chiefly British and limited to competitive animal or boat sports. Unlike the ORGANIZE sense, this verb takes a direct object (the horse or boat). Used almost exclusively by owners, trainers, and sports journalists.