conductor
conductor — 名詞
1. someone who directs a musical group's performance by using visible signals — usu
指揮
指揮樂團或合唱團演出的人
someone who directs a musical group's performance by using visible signals — usually with the hands or a baton — while standing at the front
The conductor raised both arms, and the orchestra fell completely silent.
指揮舉起雙臂，樂團隨即完全安靜下來。
conductor + orchestra: directing with arm movements
Liang joined the school choir after the conductor praised his voice.
Liang 在指揮稱讚他的歌聲後加入了學校合唱團。
The conductor showed the young violinist how to play the quiet section during rehearsal.
指揮在排練中教那位年輕的小提琴手如何演奏輕柔的段落。
Cyrus studied in Vienna for five years and now conducts the youth orchestra back home.
Cyrus 在維也納學了五年，現在回到家鄉指揮青年樂團。
Chiara noticed the conductor using very small hand movements for the quiet section.
Chiara 注意到指揮在演奏輕柔樂段時，只用了非常小的手勢。
- maestro
Italian term implying great skill and respect, often used as a title for famous conductors
- bandleader
leads a jazz, pop, or marching band rather than a classical orchestra
- choir director
specifically leads a singing group rather than an instrumental ensemble
文法句型
a + noun
the + noun
possessive + noun
用法筆記
The musical group being directed is usually named in the same sentence (orchestra, choir, band). Without a group name, the default reading is orchestral conductor.
常見錯誤
2. the railway employee who has overall responsibility for a train during its journ
列車長
火車上的管理人員
the railway employee who has overall responsibility for a train during its journey, including safety and passenger service
The conductor announced over the speakers that the train would arrive twenty minutes late.
列車長透過廣播宣布火車將會晚二十分鐘抵達。
conductor announces delay to passengers
Ramón showed the conductor his ticket and asked if the train stopped at the airport.
Ramón 把車票拿給列車長看，並詢問這班火車是否停靠機場。
show ticket to conductor and ask about stops
After the train stopped suddenly, the conductor walked through every car to check on passengers.
火車突然停下後，列車長走過每一節車廂查看乘客的情況。
The conductor reminded passengers to keep their bags close during the long overnight journey.
列車長提醒乘客在漫長的夜間旅程中要看管好自己的行李。
Anjali asked the conductor whether there was a dining car on the train.
Anjali 問列車長火車上是否有餐車。
- guard
British English term for the person in charge of a train
- train manager
modern British term used on some rail services
- engineer
in American English this means the driver, not the conductor — do not confuse
文法句型
the + noun
a + noun
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 3: the train conductor has overall responsibility for the journey and crew, not just for collecting tickets. In British English, this role is often called a 'guard' or 'train manager'.
常見錯誤
3. a worker who travels on buses or trains and handles payments from people riding
售票員
公車或火車上收票查票的人
a worker who travels on buses or trains and handles payments from people riding them
The bus conductor rang the bell to signal the driver that the bus was full.
公車售票員按鈴通知司機車子已經客滿了。
bus conductor + signal the driver
Dewi handed the conductor her fare and received a small paper ticket in return.
Dewi 把車費交給售票員，拿到了一張小小的紙車票。
The bus conductor on route 42 greeted regular passengers by name each morning.
42 路公車的售票員每天早上都會叫得出常客的名字跟他們打招呼。
When the bus filled up, the conductor helped Kim's grandmother find a seat near the rear door.
公車客滿時，售票員幫 Kim 的祖母在後門附近找到了一個座位。
Yael asked the conductor how much a ticket to the central station cost.
Yael 問售票員到中央車站的票要多少錢。
- ticket collector
more general term that also applies to staff at train station gates
- fare collector
focuses on the money-collecting part of the job
文法句型
a + noun
the + noun
用法筆記
This role has become less common in many cities where passengers now pay the driver or use fare machines. The word is still used in some countries with older public transport systems.
常見錯誤
4. a material that lets heat, electricity, or sound pass through it easily
導體
能傳導熱、電或聲音的材料
a material that lets heat, electricity, or sound pass through it easily
Copper is an excellent conductor of electricity, so builders use it for household wiring.
銅是很好的電導體，因此建築工人用它來做家庭電線。
excellent conductor of electricity
Wood is a poor conductor of heat, so kitchen spoons are often made of it.
木頭是熱的不良導體，所以廚房湯匙常用木頭製作。
Mauricio touched copper wire and plastic to the battery and watched which one lit the bulb.
Mauricio 把銅線和塑膠分別接觸電池，觀察哪一種能夠讓燈泡發亮。
The science teacher explained that metals make good conductors because their electrons move freely.
自然老師解釋說，金屬是良好的導體，因為它們的電子可以自由移動。
Zayd wrapped the wires in rubber because rubber is not a conductor of electricity.
Zayd 用橡膠把電線包起來，因為橡膠不是電的導體。
- transmitter
broader term used for signals and energy, not specific to electricity or heat
- insulator
a material that does NOT let heat, electricity, or sound pass through easily
文法句型
a + adjective + conductor + of + substance
conductor of + energy type
用法筆記
Often modified by a quality adjective (good/poor/excellent) followed by 'of' and the medium being conducted (electricity, heat, sound). The opposite is an 'insulator'.