confused
confused — 形容詞
1. not able to think in a clear way, so that following what is happening around you
困惑的
無法清楚思考或理解的
not able to think in a clear way, so that following what is happening around you or understanding what people tell you becomes hard
Karim looked confused when the teacher asked him to explain his answer.
當老師請 Karim 解釋他的答案時，他露出了困惑的表情。
looked confused — linking verb + adjective describing a person
The badly written sign left many passengers confused about which gate to use.
那塊標示寫得太不清楚，許多乘客都搞不清楚該去哪一個登機門。
Niran grew confused as the professor jumped between topics without any pause.
教授在各個話題之間跳來跳去，毫無停頓，Niran 聽得一頭霧水。
Felix gave a confused answer that showed he had not read the question properly.
Felix 給了一個含糊的回答，顯示他並沒有仔細看過問題。
- puzzled
milder, often about a single question or riddle
- bewildered
stronger surprise mixed with confusion
- perplexed
slightly more formal; suggests deep mental difficulty
- clear-headed
able to think clearly and logically
文法句型
be/feel/look/sound + confused
confused + about/by + noun phrase
用法筆記
Subject is typically a person. The cause of confusion is introduced by "about" or "by". Can also be used attributively (e.g., "a confused look").
常見錯誤
2. not arranged in a clear or logical way; messy or mixed up so that it is difficul
混亂的
不清楚、難以理解的
not arranged in a clear or logical way; messy or mixed up so that it is difficult to understand or follow
The email was so confused that nobody could tell what the manager wanted.
那封電子郵件寫得太混亂，沒有人能看出主管想要什麼。
so confused that — intensifier pattern for things
Gabriela's notes were a confused mess of crossed-out words and arrows pointing everywhere.
Gabriela 的筆記一片混亂，到處是劃掉的單字和胡亂指向的箭頭。
The timeline in his story was confused, jumping between different years without any warning.
他故事裡的時間線很混亂，在不同年份之間跳來跳去，完全沒有任何預警。
A confused noise of voices and footsteps came from the hallway outside the meeting room.
會議室外的走廊傳來一陣混亂的人聲和腳步聲。
- unclear
more general; suggests lack of clarity rather than disorganisation
- muddled
suggests things are jumbled together in a messy way
- disordered
more formal; emphasises lack of proper arrangement
文法句型
confused + noun (confused thoughts/plot/signals)
be + confused (describing a thing)
用法筆記
In this sense the subject is a thing (a message, situation, arrangement, set of facts), not a person. Compare: "a confused explanation" (unclear) vs "a confused student" (unable to understand).
常見錯誤
3. unable to think clearly about where you are, what time it is, or who you are, es
神志不清的
對時地或身份感到迷失的
unable to think clearly about where you are, what time it is, or who you are, especially because of illness, injury, or a shock
After the crash, Antonia was confused and could not tell the nurse her address.
車禍之後，Antonia 神志不清，連自己的地址都無法告訴護士。
confused about place — disorientation sense
Takeshi became confused when the nurse changed his usual medication to a new one.
護理師把 Takeshi 平常服的藥換成另一種之後，他就變得迷迷糊糊的。
Waking up in a different time zone left Heloísa confused about the day.
在不同的時區醒來，讓 Heloísa 搞不清楚當天是星期幾。
When the lights went out, the children looked confused in the sudden darkness.
燈光熄滅時，孩子們在一片漆黑中露出了迷惘的表情。
- disoriented
slightly more formal; specifically means lost in time or place
- dazed
suggests shock or a blow to the head; temporary
- bewildered
strong sense of being lost, but more about a confusing situation than time/place
- oriented
aware of where you are, what time it is, and who you are
文法句型
be/become/get + confused
confused + about + time / place / who someone is
用法筆記
Often used in medical or emergency contexts. The disorientation can be temporary (caused by shock, drugs, or travel) or ongoing (caused by dementia or brain injury). Frequently followed by "about" to specify what aspect is lost (time, place, or identity).