courtesy
courtesy — 名詞
1. ways of acting or speaking that are considerate towards others; a specific kind
禮貌；禮儀
對他人表示尊重的行為或言語
ways of acting or speaking that are considerate towards others; a specific kind gesture or polite word used in social settings
Sayaka held the door open for the elderly woman as a simple courtesy.
Sayaka 為那位老太太扶住門，當作是基本的禮貌。
countable noun: a simple courtesy
The hotel staff showed every courtesy to the guests during their stay.
飯店員工在客人住宿期間對他們展現了十足的禮貌。
uncountable: show courtesy to someone
Femi saw an old man with heavy bags and held the door — common courtesy.
Femi 看見一位老先生提著重物，便上前幫他扶住門——這是基本的禮貌。
Out of courtesy, Felix waited for everyone to sit before beginning his talk.
出於禮貌，Felix 等到所有人都就座才開始演講。
The neighbours exchanged courtesies when they met in the hallway for the first time.
鄰居們第一次在走廊碰面時，互相說了幾句客套話。
- politeness
more general; less formal than 'courtesy'
- civility
formal; emphasises basic respectful behaviour in public
- manners
plural only; refers to learned social behaviour patterns
- etiquette
uncountable; refers to the formal rules of polite behaviour in specific settings
- discourtesy
the direct opposite; formal
- rudeness
more common and less formal than 'discourtesy'
用法筆記
Uncountable when referring to polite behaviour in general; countable when referring to a specific polite action or remark. The phrase 'common courtesy' + to-infinitive is a frequent pattern.
常見錯誤
2. used to say that a person or organization has given permission for something to
經許可
經由他人允許或好意提供
used to say that a person or organization has given permission for something to be shown, used, or published, usually as a favour
The wedding photos were shared courtesy of a local photography studio.
婚禮照片由當地一家攝影工作室授權提供。
courtesy of [organisation] = with permission from
The museum displayed the ancient scrolls by courtesy of the National Library.
博物館經國家圖書館許可，展出了這些古老卷軸。
by courtesy of = formal permission
Adina used the painting in her book cover, courtesy of the artist's family.
Adina 經藝術家家屬同意，將那幅畫用在她書的封面。
The photographs in this book are reproduced courtesy of the artist's estate.
本書中的照片經藝術家遺產管理單位許可轉載。
- by permission of
directly synonymous but more formal
- with the kind permission of
more elaborate and very formal
文法句型
courtesy of [person/organisation]
用法筆記
This sense nearly always appears in the fixed phrases 'courtesy of' or 'by courtesy of'. The person or organisation named after 'of' is the one that gave permission. Common in acknowledgments, photo credits, and formal notices.
3. used to indicate that an event or situation is caused by something else, often a
由於
因某種情況或事件而導致
used to indicate that an event or situation is caused by something else, often a problem or inconvenience
The forest fire spread quickly courtesy of the strong winds.
森林大火因為強風而迅速蔓延。
courtesy of [cause] = because of, often for negative effects
The evening train was cancelled courtesy of a power failure in the city.
晚間列車因市區停電而取消。
The garden was flooded courtesy of three days of heavy rain.
花園因為連續三天的大雨而淹水。
The outdoor concert was postponed courtesy of an unexpected thunderstorm.
戶外音樂會因突如其來的雷雨而延期。
- because of
neutral; not restricted to this phrase structure
- thanks to
similar structure but can be positive or negative
- owing to
more formal; less common in spoken English
文法句型
courtesy of [cause/situation]
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2 (BY PERMISSION): sense 3 attributes the cause to a situation or natural event, not a person granting permission. Often carries a mildly humorous or ironic tone, especially when describing something unpleasant.
4. something given freely or provided without payment as a polite gesture or favour
免費提供
商家或機構免費提供的服務或物品
something given freely or provided without payment as a polite gesture or favour from a person or organisation
All hotel guests receive a courtesy shuttle bus to the city centre.
所有飯店住客均可免費搭乘接駁巴士前往市中心。
noun modifier: courtesy shuttle = free service
The supermarket offers a courtesy trolley service for customers with small children.
超市為帶小孩的顧客提供免費手推車服務。
Amira's flight was delayed, so the airline provided a courtesy meal at the gate.
Amira 的航班延誤，航空公司在登機口免費提供了一份餐點。
The conference provided a courtesy lunch for all registered attendees.
研討會為所有註冊與會者提供了免費午餐。
- complimentary
means 'given free'; more common for items than services
- free
more general; less formal
- on the house
idiomatic; used only for restaurants, bars, or hospitality
- paid
direct opposite; informal
用法筆記
This sense is commonly used as a noun modifier before another noun ('courtesy bus', 'courtesy phone', 'courtesy room'). The service or item is provided free of charge but is not necessarily expected — it is given as a favour or standard service gesture.
courtesy — 形容詞
1. provided or done free of charge as a polite service or gesture, usually by a bus
免費；禮節
免費提供或出於禮貌的
provided or done free of charge as a polite service or gesture, usually by a business or organisation
The dealership gave Inês a courtesy car while her own vehicle was being repaired.
車商在 Inês 的車送修期間，提供了一輛免費代步車。
attributive adjective: courtesy car = free loan car
Joaquín made a courtesy visit to the hospital to thank the staff who had treated him.
Joaquín 到醫院進行禮貌性探訪，感謝曾治療過他的醫護人員。
attributive: courtesy visit = polite social visit
The airline provides a courtesy phone for passengers to make local calls.
航空公司提供免費電話，供旅客撥打本地電話。
The captain paid a courtesy call on the ambassador before leaving the country.
艦長在離境前禮貌性拜會了大使。
- complimentary
common for items like tickets, drinks, samples; 'courtesy' is more typical for services and vehicles
- free
more general; less formal; not restricted to business gestures
文法句型
courtesy + noun
用法筆記
Used only before a noun (attributive position). Common in the fixed collocations 'courtesy car', 'courtesy bus', 'courtesy phone', 'courtesy call', 'courtesy visit'. Unlike the noun sense 4 (FREE OF CHARGE), which treats the item or service as a gift, the adjective describes the type or quality of the service.