fermentation
fermentation — 名詞
1. The natural process by which yeasts and bacteria break down sugars inside food a
發酵
微生物分解糖分，產生酒精或酸的過程
The natural process by which yeasts and bacteria break down sugars inside food and drink, creating alcohol, acids, or gas — the reaction that gives us bread, beer, wine, and yogurt.
Takeshi explained how fermentation turns plain cabbage into tangy kimchi.
Takeshi 解釋發酵如何將普通白菜變成酸辣泡菜。
pattern: fermentation + turns [ingredient] into [product]
Lucía watched the fermentation lock on her homemade wine bubble steadily.
Lucía 看著自釀葡萄酒的發酵鎖穩定地冒著氣泡。
collocation: fermentation lock (brewing equipment)
The long fermentation gave the sourdough bread its deep, complex flavour.
長時間的發酵賦予酸麵包濃郁複雜的風味。
Without fermentation, there would be no yogurt, cheese, beer, or soy sauce.
沒有發酵，就沒有優格、起司、啤酒或醬油。
Nikhil checked the jar each morning to see how the fermentation was progressing.
Nikhil 每天早上檢查罐子，觀察發酵進展如何。
- pasteurisation
the process of heating to kill microbes — the opposite of encouraging them
2. A period of intense excitement, disagreement, or rapid change within a group or
騷動；動盪
社會或思想上的激烈變動與不安
A period of intense excitement, disagreement, or rapid change within a group or society — the kind of restless energy that can lead to new ideas or conflict.
A period of political fermentation swept through the capital after the election.
選舉過後，一股政治騷動席捲了整個首都。
collocation: political fermentation
The university was in a state of intellectual fermentation during the 1960s.
1960 年代，這所大學處於思想動盪之中。
collocation: intellectual fermentation
Amani sensed a quiet fermentation among the workers that worried the managers.
Amani 察覺到工人之間醞釀著一股不安，令管理層擔憂。
Out of that creative fermentation came three novels that changed American literature.
在那股創作騷動中，誕生了三部改變美國文學的小說。
Years of social fermentation finally erupted in the protests of that spring.
多年的社會動盪終於在那年春天的抗議中爆發。
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 1 (FOOD AND DRINK): this figurative sense is always uncountable and describes social, political, or creative unrest, never a physical process.