flesh
flesh — 名詞
1. the soft layer of muscle and fat located between the outer skin and the skeleton
肉；果肉
皮下與骨間的軟組織；蔬果柔軟部分
the soft layer of muscle and fat located between the outer skin and the skeleton of humans and animals; also, the edible portion of vegetables and fruit that sits beneath the peel or outer rind.
The chef carved through the soft flesh of the ripe mango with ease.
主廚熟練地切開成熟芒果柔軟的果肉。
of + fruit name
The fishhook sank deep into the flesh of Eri's palm.
魚鉤深深刺進 Eri 手掌的肉裡。
Beneath the tough outer peel, the avocado's flesh was soft and creamy.
在堅硬外皮底下，酪梨的果肉柔軟滑嫩。
Sharks can smell blood and tear through flesh within seconds.
鯊魚能聞到血味，並在幾秒鐘內撕開血肉。
Asher bit into the peach, and the sweet juicy flesh burst in his mouth.
Asher 咬了一口桃子，甜美多汁的果肉在他嘴裡迸開。
用法筆記
Uncountable in almost all contexts. When referring to the flesh of a specific animal as food, 'meat' is more common outside of technical or descriptive writing.
常見錯誤
2. the visible surface of a human body when no clothes are covering it and it can b
裸露肌膚
未被衣物覆蓋的皮膚
the visible surface of a human body when no clothes are covering it and it can be felt or seen.
The sun burned Hamza's bare flesh while he slept on the beach.
Hamza 在沙灘上睡著時，陽光灼傷了他裸露的肌膚。
bare flesh
Lauren felt the cool silk fabric brush against the flesh of her shoulders.
Lauren 感覺到冰涼的絲綢布料輕撫過她肩膀的肌膚。
The tight collar chafed the flesh on Rodrigo's neck until it turned red.
緊繃的衣領摩擦 Rodrigo 脖子上的皮膚，直到發紅。
Shirin wrapped a scarf around the exposed flesh of her neck against the cold wind.
Shirin 用圍巾裹住裸露的頸部肌膚，抵擋寒風。
- skin
the neutral, everyday term; 'flesh' in this sense carries a more physical or sensuous tone
- clothing
what covers the flesh on the body
用法筆記
Commonly paired with modifiers like 'bare,' 'exposed,' or 'naked' to emphasise that the skin is visible. Often appears in descriptions of physical sensation, injury, or temperature.
常見錯誤
3. the human body thought of as a physical, material thing with needs, desires, and
肉體
與心靈、精神相對的物質身體
the human body thought of as a physical, material thing with needs, desires, and weaknesses, especially when contrasted with the mind, spirit, or soul.
During Lent, Pastor Tunde preached about the struggle between the spirit and the flesh.
在大齋期期間，Tunde 牧師講道談到靈與肉之間的鬥爭。
contrast with spirit
Cyrus believed the needs of the flesh were less important than those of the soul.
Cyrus 認為肉體的需要不如靈魂的需要重要。
Élise struggled with the desires of the flesh, wanting both comfort and discipline.
Élise 在肉體的慾望中掙扎，既渴望舒適又想要自律。
Brooke's instructor told her to honor the wisdom of the flesh as well as the mind.
Brooke 的老師告訴她要同時尊重身體的智慧與心靈的智慧。
- body
neutral term without the spiritual or moral overtones of 'flesh'
- mortal coil
poetic or archaic; 'flesh' is the more common modern choice
用法筆記
Most common in religious, philosophical, or literary writing. Frequently appears in set phrases such as 'the spirit is willing but the flesh is weak,' 'sins of the flesh,' and 'pleasures of the flesh.'
常見錯誤
flesh — 動詞
1. to add more information, specifics, or depth to something such as a plan, idea,
充實
加入細節使內容更豐富完整
to add more information, specifics, or depth to something such as a plan, idea, piece of writing, or argument, making it fuller and more convincing.
The outline was good, but the author needed to flesh out each chapter before submitting it.
大綱寫得不錯，但作者在提交前需要把每一章節的內容充實起來。
flesh out + noun (chapter)
Pim presented a rough sketch and promised to flesh it out with more details the following week.
Pim 展示了一張草圖，並承諾下週會加入更多細節使其更完整。
separable: flesh + pronoun + out
The architect fleshed out the basic design by drawing each room in full detail.
建築師將基本設計充實，詳細畫出了每個房間的樣貌。
Before the meeting, Christopher fleshed out his slides with recent sales figures.
開會前，Christopher 用最近的銷售數據充實了他的簡報投影片。
- elaborate on
more formal; emphasises explaining at greater length
- expand
broader; can refer to size, scope, or detail
- develop
common alternative; suggests gradual improvement
文法句型
flesh out + noun
flesh + noun + out
flesh out + wh-clause
用法筆記
The object can come between 'flesh' and 'out' (flesh it out, flesh the plan out). Most commonly used with an object referring to an abstract thing: a proposal, a story, a character, a theory.
常見錯誤
2. to scrape away the remaining flesh and fat from the inside of an animal skin as
刮肉
去除獸皮內側殘肉以利製革
to scrape away the remaining flesh and fat from the inside of an animal skin as one stage in preparing leather.
The tanner used a curved blade to flesh the cowhide before soaking it in lime.
製革工人用彎刀刮去牛皮內側的肉，然後將其浸泡在石灰水中。
technical sense
After the hide was fleshed, the leather worker stretched it tightly over a wooden frame.
獸皮刮淨後，皮革工匠把它緊緊繃在木框上。
passive: was fleshed
The apprentice learned to flesh a sheepskin without cutting holes in the hide itself.
學徒學習如何刮淨羊皮而不在皮面上弄出破洞。
The old tanner showed Rodrigo how to flesh the goat hide on the wooden beam.
老製革工人教 Rodrigo 如何在木樑上刮淨山羊皮。
- scrape
a more general word; 'flesh' is the specific technical term for this leather-making process
文法句型
flesh + noun (hide/skin)
用法筆記
A technical term used almost exclusively in leather-working and tanning. Unlikely to be encountered in everyday conversation outside of craft contexts.
3. to grow more flesh on the body, typically as a result of improved nutrition or h
變豐腴
因營養好轉而長肉變胖
to grow more flesh on the body, typically as a result of improved nutrition or health; to become plumper or thicker in physical form.
The rescue dog began to flesh out after three months of regular meals.
那隻獲救的狗在規律進食三個月後開始長肉了。
qualifier: began to flesh out
After the drought broke, the cattle fleshed out and their coats grew glossy again.
旱災結束後，牛隻逐漸豐腴起來，皮毛也恢復了光澤。
The skinny kitten fleshed up noticeably within weeks of being adopted.
那隻瘦弱的小貓被領養後短短幾週內就明顯長胖了。
The sick parrot fleshed out after Shirin gave it the right food and care.
那隻生病的鸚鵡在 Shirin 給予適當食物和照料後長胖了。
- thin out
to lose flesh; become leaner
- waste away
to lose flesh from illness or lack of food
文法句型
flesh out; flesh up
用法筆記
Typically used with 'out' or (less commonly) 'up.' Distinguish from verb sense 1: this sense requires no object and describes natural physical growth, not adding detail to something abstract.
常見錯誤
4. to develop larger, more defined muscles through exercise and training, giving th
練壯
透過鍛鍊使肌肉更結實
to develop larger, more defined muscles through exercise and training, giving the body a heavier and more solid appearance.
Christopher had fleshed out considerably since he started weight training in January.
Christopher 自從一月開始重量訓練後，體格明顯練壯了許多。
fitness context
The rugby player fleshed out his shoulders and chest during the off-season.
那名橄欖球球員在休賽期間把肩膀和胸膛練得更壯碩。
flesh out + body part
After months of lifting, Tunde's arms had fleshed out until his sleeves were tight.
經過幾個月的舉重訓練，Tunde 的手臂練壯了，袖子都變緊了。
Andrew's arms had fleshed out noticeably after he joined the gym and started lifting weights.
Andrew 加入健身房開始舉重後，手臂明顯練壯了。
- bulk up
the more common idiomatic expression for building muscle mass
- build muscle
straightforward, neutral phrasing
- slim down
to reduce body size through diet or exercise
- lose muscle
to decrease muscle mass
文法句型
flesh out + noun (body part)
用法筆記
Distinguish from verb sense 3 (BECOME FLESHY): this sense implies intentional muscle growth through exercise rather than natural gain from nutrition. Less common than synonyms 'bulk up' or 'build muscle.'