formative
formative — 形容詞
1. Relating to a period or experience that strongly shapes a person's character, ab
發展期的
對人格或能力發展有重大影響的
Relating to a period or experience that strongly shapes a person's character, abilities, or beliefs — for instance, a childhood event that affects someone's whole outlook on life.
The two years Mayumi spent teaching in Kenya were a formative period for her.
Mayumi 在肯亞教書的那兩年，對她來說是一個發展期。
collocation: formative period
Xiu's kindergarten friendship with the girl next door had a formative effect on how she shares.
Xiu 在幼兒園與鄰居女孩的友誼，對她如何與人分享產生了發展性的影響。
collocation: formative effect on
Hassan's grandfather played a formative role in teaching him patience and care.
Hassan 的祖父在教導他耐心與關懷方面扮演了關鍵的塑造角色。
The books Ritu found at school had a formative influence on her love of science.
Ritu 在學校找到的那些書，對她日後熱愛科學產生了塑造性的影響。
Those months of rebuilding after the earthquake proved formative for the whole community.
地震後重建的那幾個月，對整個社區來說是具有發展意義的。
- developmental
broader in scope; refers to any stage of growth, not just character-shaping
- shaping
more active and concrete; 'a shaping experience' feels more literal than 'a formative experience'
- influential
applies to any life stage and does not imply a developmental period
- negligible
having no noticeable impact on development
文法句型
formative + noun (period, experience, influence, role)
be + formative
prove + formative
用法筆記
Most common in attributive position before nouns like 'years,' 'period,' or 'experience.' The predicative use (e.g., 'the experience proved formative') is less frequent but natural in formal or reflective writing.
常見錯誤
2. Describing evaluations given while a course is still in progress, not after it f
形成性的
教學過程中持續評估學習狀況的
Describing evaluations given while a course is still in progress, not after it finishes — designed to help teachers adapt their teaching to what students still need to master.
Ms. Allison gave her Year 5 science class short formative quizzes each week to track progress.
Allison 老師在五年級自然科每週進行簡短的形成性測驗，以追蹤學生進度。
collocation: formative quiz / formative test
Mr. Lakan gave short formative quizzes on Fridays to see which biology topics the class needed to review.
Lakan 老師每週五進行簡短的形成性測驗，以了解哪些生物主題需要全班複習。
contrasted with: final exam / summative assessment
Andrew found the formative feedback from his tutor more useful than the final grade alone.
Andrew 發現來自導師的形成性回饋比最終成績更有幫助。
The principal at Sofia's school introduced weekly formative evaluations in science to catch gaps early.
Sofia 學校的校長在自然科引入了每週的形成性評量，以便及早發現學習落差。
- ongoing
less technical; refers to continuous evaluation without the pedagogical framework
- diagnostic
focuses on identifying weaknesses rather than tracking progress over time
- summative
evaluation that occurs at the end of a course, such as a final exam
文法句型
formative + noun (assessment, test, quiz, feedback, evaluation)
用法筆記
Technical term in education; frequently paired with 'summative,' which refers to end-of-course evaluation. Most commonly appears attributively before terms like 'assessment,' 'test,' or 'feedback.'
常見錯誤
3. Relating to a part of a word — such as a suffix or prefix — that is added to a r
構詞的
用於構成或變化詞形的
Relating to a part of a word — such as a suffix or prefix — that is added to a root to change the word's form, tense, or grammatical function rather than to carry the core meaning.
In English, the suffix '-ly' is a formative element that turns the adjective 'quick' into 'quickly.'
在英文中，字尾「-ly」是一個構詞成分，可將形容詞「quick」轉變為副詞「quickly」。
e.g. '-ly' as adverbial formative
Linguists study how formative prefixes like 'un-' combine with a root such as 'happy' to build new words.
語言學家研究像「un-」這類構詞前綴如何與「happy」這類詞根結合，進而組成新詞。
The '-ed' ending in 'called' is a formative marker that signals a past-tense verb in standard English.
「called」當中的字尾「-ed」是一個構詞標記，在標準英文中表示過去式動詞。
In Turkish, the formative particle '-de' is added inside a word to show that something is 'in' a place.
在土耳其語中，構詞成分「-de」會被加在詞內部，用來表示某物在某處。
- derivational
narrower; refers specifically to affixes that create new words (e.g., '-ness' making a noun from an adjective)
- inflectional
narrower; refers to affixes that show grammatical categories like tense or number (e.g., '-ed' for past tense)
文法句型
formative + noun (element, part, marker, affix)
用法筆記
Restricted to attributive position and to linguistic contexts. Not used predicatively — for example, one does not say 'this affix is formative' in natural English; the preferred phrasing is 'a formative affix.'
常見錯誤
formative — 名詞
1. A minimal unit of language — like a suffix, prefix, or inflectional ending — tha
構詞成分
改變詞形或語法功能的語言最小單位
A minimal unit of language — like a suffix, prefix, or inflectional ending — that changes a word's form or grammatical role rather than carrying the word's main meaning.
In 'kindness,' the suffix '-ness' is a derivational formative that turns the adjective 'kind' into an abstract noun.
在「kindness」一詞中，字尾「-ness」是一個衍生構詞成分，可將形容詞「kind」轉變為抽象名詞。
e.g. '-ness' as derivational formative
Morphologists study formatives such as the plural '-s' in 'cats' to understand how English marks number.
形態學家研究像「cats」中的複數「-s」這類構詞成分，以了解英文如何標記數量。
Reuben learned that '-er' in 'teacher' is a formative adding grammatical information, unlike the root 'teach.'
Reuben 學到在「teacher」中的「-er」是一個構詞成分，它附加語法資訊，與詞根「teach」不同。
The prefix 'un-' in 'unhappy' acts as a formative that reverses the adjective 'happy' into its opposite.
「unhappy」中的前綴「un-」是一個構詞成分，用來將形容詞「happy」反轉為相反意思。
- affix
a broader category that includes prefixes, suffixes, and infixes; more commonly known than 'formative'
- bound morpheme
more technical; refers to any morpheme that cannot stand alone, including both formatives and some roots
- root
the core morpheme that carries the main meaning; formatives attach to roots
文法句型
determiner + formative
adjective + formative
用法筆記
A technical term in morphology. Every formative is a morpheme, but not every morpheme is a formative — roots (like 'kind' in 'kindness') carry core meaning and are not considered formatives.