had
had — 動詞
1. the past tense of 'have', used for saying someone owned, experienced, or did som
過去式/分詞
have的過去式分詞，表過去擁有或完成
the past tense of 'have', used for saying someone owned, experienced, or did something in the past; also the past participle form, used with another past participle to show an action finished before a later time in the past
Vikram had a black cat when he lived in his grandmother's house.
Vikram 住在奶奶家的時候養過一隻黑貓。
had + noun phrase (possession)
The meeting had already finished by the time Lucía arrived at the office.
Lucía 到辦公室的時候，會議已經結束了。
had + already + past participle (past perfect)
There had never been such a big earthquake in the town before 2015.
2015 年以前，這個小鎮從未發生過那麼大的地震。
After walking for two hours, the hikers had covered more than fifteen kilometres.
走了兩個小時之後，登山者已經走了超過十五公里。
Meera told her boss that she had sent the report the day before.
Meera 告訴主管她前一天就把報告寄出去了。
文法句型
had + noun phrase
had + past participle
had + been + present participle
用法筆記
This sense covers the grammatical function of 'had' as the past form of 'have'. The specific meaning (possession, experience, eating, obligation, etc.) depends on which sense of the base verb 'have' is being used. Where 'have' is an auxiliary verb for the past perfect, 'had' can combine with almost any past participle.
常見錯誤
2. used in the fixed expression 'have had it' to describe a machine or device so ol
完了；沒救
機器損壞無法使用；人或團隊註定失敗
used in the fixed expression 'have had it' to describe a machine or device so old or damaged that fixing it is pointless, or a person, group, or situation where the chance of success has passed and failure is certain
The washing machine has had it — the drum stopped turning and water leaks everywhere.
那台洗衣機已經報銷了——滾筒不會轉，而且到處漏水。
fixed phrase: has had it (machine)
After four losses in a row, the team knew it had had it for the season.
連輸四場之後，球隊知道這個賽季已經沒希望了。
had had it (team/group, past perfect)
My ten-year-old laptop has had it; the screen stays black no matter what I try.
我那台用了十年的筆電已經沒救了；不管我怎麼試，螢幕都是一片黑。
When the engine started smoking on the highway, Christopher knew the car had had it.
引擎在高速公路上開始冒煙的時候，Christopher 知道這輛車已經完了。
- working
for machines; opposite of 'kaput' or 'broken beyond repair'
- still in the running
for teams or people; opposite of 'doomed to fail'
文法句型
subject + have/has had it
subject + had had it
用法筆記
Always appears in a perfect tense — 'has had it' (present perfect) or 'had had it' (past perfect). Cannot be used without the perfect auxiliary: ✗ 'my car had it' (wrong). The subject is usually a thing (appliance, vehicle, device) or a collective noun (team, company, project).
常見錯誤
had — 形容詞
1. tricked or cheated in a transaction, especially by paying too much for something
被騙
被欺騙而遭受損失
tricked or cheated in a transaction, especially by paying too much for something or by receiving goods that are worth less than what was agreed
Nia paid five thousand for the bag and later learned it was a fake — she had been had.
Nia 花五千塊買了那個包包，後來發現是仿冒品——她上當了。
been had (past after discovering a cheat)
The tourists were had by a taxi driver who charged them three times the normal fare.
那些觀光客被計程車司機坑了，車資比正常價格貴了三倍。
Eve felt she had been had when the antique vase turned out to be a modern copy.
Eve 發現那個古董花瓶其實是現代複製品時，覺得自己被騙了。
Don't buy electronics from street sellers in that market or you will be had.
別在那個市場的路邊攤買電子產品，否則你會被騙。
- cheated
neutral and widely used; covers any dishonest treatment
- ripped off
informal, strongly tied to paying too much for poor quality
- taken advantage of
softer and broader; can apply beyond money
- swindled
more formal and dramatic; implies a planned fraud
- treated fairly
neutral opposite; what a buyer hopes for
文法句型
subject + be + had
subject + have been + had
用法筆記
Only used predicatively — after 'be', 'get', or 'feel'. Never used before a noun (❌ 'a had customer'). The subject is usually a buyer or customer who discovers they were cheated. Common in past tense ('was had', 'were had', 'been had').