hammer
hammer — 動詞
1. to strike an object using a hammer, usually to drive it into something, fix it i
敲擊；鎚打
用鎚子擊打物體
to strike an object using a hammer, usually to drive it into something, fix it in place, or change its shape
Rodrigo hammered the nail into the wooden fence until it was secure.
Rodrigo 把釘子敲進木籬笆，直到它固定為止。
hammer + noun + preposition + noun phrase (into)
Maeve hammered a thin sheet of copper flat on her workbench.
Maeve 在工作台上把一片薄銅片敲平。
The carpenter hammered the frame of the shed into position.
木匠把棚架的框架敲到定位。
Bilal hammered a long metal hook into the wall above the fireplace.
Bilal 把一個長金屬鉤敲進壁爐上方的牆壁。
文法句型
hammer + noun (the nail)
hammer + noun + preposition + noun phrase
hammer + adverb (away)
2. to strike something or someone very hard, using a fist, foot, or another object
猛擊
用力擊打或踢
to strike something or someone very hard, using a fist, foot, or another object
Christopher hammered his fist against the locked door in frustration.
Christopher 沮喪地用拳頭用力捶打那扇鎖著的門。
hammer + noun + preposition + against + noun phrase
Eliska hammered the ball into the top corner of the goal.
Eliska 把球猛力踢進球門的上角。
Mateo hammered the punching bag with both fists during training.
Mateo 在訓練中用雙拳猛擊沙包。
Sivan hammered the brakes when a dog ran into the street.
Sivan 看到一隻狗跑上街，趕緊猛踩剎車。
文法句型
hammer + noun (the ball / the door)
hammer + noun + preposition + noun phrase
用法筆記
Object is often a body part (fist, foot) or a thing being struck (ball, door, brakes). Frequently used in sports and driving contexts.
3. to beat an opponent very badly in a game, match, or fight, usually by a large ma
痛擊
在比賽中徹底擊敗
to beat an opponent very badly in a game, match, or fight, usually by a large margin
Feng's team hammered the defending champions by forty points.
Feng 的球隊以四十分之差痛擊衛冕冠軍。
hammer + noun + by + score difference
The champion boxer hammered her opponent in the very first round.
冠軍拳擊手在第一回合就把對手打得落花流水。
The visiting team hammered their hosts six goals to nil in the semi-final.
客隊在準決賽中以六比零痛擊地主隊。
The national team hammered their city rivals by five goals to one.
國家隊以五比一痛擊同城勁敵。
文法句型
hammer + noun (the opponent / the team)
用法筆記
Common in sports reporting and casual conversation about competitions. Not used in formal writing.
4. to harm or affect something so severely that it suffers serious loss or damage
重創
造成嚴重損失或破壞
to harm or affect something so severely that it suffers serious loss or damage
The earthquake hammered the coastal town, destroying most of its buildings.
地震重創了那個沿海小鎮，摧毀了大部分建築。
metaphorical: disaster hammered + noun
Rising fuel costs hammered the fishing industry across the region.
燃料價格上漲重創了該地區的漁業。
A sudden drop in share prices hammered Sirin's retirement savings.
股價突然大跌重創了 Sirin 的退休積蓄。
The pandemic hammered small restaurants, forcing many to close.
疫情重創了小餐館，迫使許多店家關門。
文法句型
hammer + noun (the economy / confidence)
用法筆記
Subject is typically a disaster, crisis, economic event, or negative force. Object is often a business, sector, economy, or person's finances.
5. to express strong public disapproval of someone or something, often in the media
抨擊
公開強烈批評
to express strong public disapproval of someone or something, often in the media or a public forum
Critics hammered the director's new film for its weak storyline.
影評人抨擊那位導演的新片劇情薄弱。
hammer + noun + for + noun phrase (reason)
Joon's boss hammered him for missing the important client meeting.
Joon 的老闆因為他錯過重要的客戶會議而嚴厲痛斥他。
The local newspaper hammered the council over its waste plan.
當地報紙抨擊市議會的垃圾處理方案。
Ari was hammered online for making offensive remarks during the debate.
Ari 因為在辯論中發表冒犯言論而在網路上遭到抨擊。
文法句型
hammer + noun (the government / the film)
hammer + noun + for + noun phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 4 (DAMAGE BADLY): sense 5 targets people or institutions through words (criticism), while sense 4 targets through real harm or loss. Often followed by for + reason.
hammer — 名詞
1. a tool made of a solid metal head attached firmly to a wooden handle so you can
鎚子
用金屬頭敲擊的工具
a tool made of a solid metal head attached firmly to a wooden handle so you can drive nails into wood or break objects apart
Christopher reached for a hammer so he could hang a picture on the living room wall.
Christopher 伸手拿起一把鎚子，想把一幅畫掛在客廳的牆上。
reach for a hammer + infinitive of purpose
Fatima picked up the hammer and carefully pulled out the bent nail from the floorboard.
Fatima 拿起鎚子，小心地把彎曲的釘子從地板上拔出來。
Nora used a heavy hammer to break the concrete step into several smaller pieces.
Nora 用一把大鎚子把水泥台階敲成好幾塊小碎片。
You will need a hammer and some nails to fix that loose board on the porch.
你需要一把鎚子和幾根釘子，才能修好門廊那塊鬆動的木板。
Minho grabbed a hammer from the toolbox and began repairing the broken wooden chair.
Minho 從工具箱裡拿出一把鎚子，開始修理破損的木椅。
- mallet
a hammer with a large wooden or rubber head, used for softer materials like wood or dough
- sledgehammer
a large, heavy hammer with a long handle, swung with both hands for breaking walls or rocks
- gavel
a small wooden hammer used by a judge or auctioneer, not for construction
用法筆記
Countable. Often used with 'a' (a hammer) or plural 'hammers'. Subject is typically a person performing a DIY or construction task.
常見錯誤
2. a steel sphere with a wire and a grip that athletes spin and release for distanc
鏈球
田徑比賽中投擲的金屬球
a steel sphere with a wire and a grip that athletes spin and release for distance in a track-and-field competition
Sahil watched the hammer fly through the air and land far past the other marks on the grass.
Sahil 看著鏈球飛過空中，落在草地上遠超過其他標記的位置。
the hammer fly through the air / land far past [measurement]
Haruto practised spinning the hammer faster to gain more distance on his throws.
Haruto 練習更快地旋轉鏈球，以讓投擲距離更遠。
pattern: spin the hammer / gain distance on throws
Élise threw the hammer thirty metres farther than her previous personal best distance.
Élise 把鏈球扔出了三十公尺，比她先前的最佳成績還要遠。
Kiran adjusted his grip on the hammer before beginning the final spin of his throw.
Kiran 在開始最後一圈旋轉投擲之前，調整了他對鏈球的握法。
用法筆記
Usually singular (the hammer) when referring to the specific piece of equipment used in a competition. Distinguish from sense 3, which refers to the event itself rather than the object.
3. the athletic field event in which competitors spin and release a heavy metal bal
擲鏈球
投擲鏈球的田徑項目
the athletic field event in which competitors spin and release a heavy metal ball on a wire, with the longest throw winning
The hammer is one of the four throwing events in modern track-and-field competitions.
擲鏈球是現代田徑比賽中四個投擲項目之一。
the hammer [event] is one of the ... events
Zola hopes to qualify for the hammer at next year's national athletics championships.
Zola 希望能取得資格，參加明年全國田徑錦標賽的擲鏈球項目。
Competitors in the hammer take four powerful spins before releasing the metal ball into the air.
擲鏈球的選手在將金屬球拋出之前，要先快速地旋轉四圈。
Noor has been training for the hammer every morning since the beginning of the season.
Noor 從賽季一開始就每天清晨練習擲鏈球。
- hammer throw
the full name of the event; interchangeable with 'the hammer' in sports contexts
用法筆記
Always singular. Used with 'the' (the hammer) to name the discipline. Distinguish from sense 2: sense 3 is the event itself (not the physical object thrown). One does not 'throw the hammer' in sense 3 — one 'competes in the hammer'.
常見錯誤
4. a moving part inside a firearm that springs forward to hit the cartridge when yo
擊錘
槍枝內撞擊子彈的零件
a moving part inside a firearm that springs forward to hit the cartridge when you squeeze the trigger, igniting the gunpowder and firing the projectile
Adina pulled the trigger slowly, and the hammer clicked forward inside the mechanism of the revolver.
Adina 慢慢地扣下板機，擊錘在左輪手槍的內部機構中卡噠一聲向前撞擊。
pull the trigger + hammer clicks forward
Thandi cocked the hammer of her revolver before taking careful aim at the target.
Thandi 扣起左輪手槍的擊錘，然後仔細瞄準靶心。
An old revolver has a visible hammer that you pull back with your thumb before each shot.
老式的左輪手槍有一個外露的擊錘，每次射擊前必須用拇指向後拉。
Wei heard the hammer click when his uncle pulled the trigger of the old hunting rifle.
Wei 聽到叔叔扣下那把老獵槍的板機時，擊錘發出卡噠一聲。
When the hammer strikes with enough force, it ignites the gunpowder and pushes the bullet forward.
當擊錘撞擊的力道足夠大時，它會點燃火藥並將子彈向前推出。
- firing pin
a related but distinct part: the hammer strikes the firing pin, which then hits the bullet primer; sometimes confused with the hammer itself
用法筆記
Countable. Frequently referred to in the context of older firearms (revolvers, rifles). In modern semi-automatic pistols, the hammer may be internal and not visible.
5. a small padded lever inside a grand piano that lifts and taps a string when you
琴槌
鋼琴內敲擊琴弦的零件
a small padded lever inside a grand piano that lifts and taps a string when you press a key, producing a musical tone
Each piano key moves a small hammer that hits one or more strings inside the instrument.
鋼琴的每一個琴鍵都會帶動一個小琴槌，敲擊樂器內部的一根或多根琴弦。
key + moves a hammer + hits strings
When Yuki pressed the key gently, the felt hammer rose slowly and touched the piano string.
Yuki 輕輕按下琴鍵時，包著毛氈的琴槌緩緩升起，觸碰了鋼琴弦。
pattern: press key → hammer rises → touches string
The piano's hammers are covered with felt so that the strings produce a warm, soft tone.
鋼琴的琴槌都包著毛氈，這樣琴弦才能發出溫暖柔和的音色。
Each hammer inside the piano springs back into place immediately after striking its string.
鋼琴內部的每個琴槌在敲擊琴弦之後，會立刻彈回原位。
用法筆記
Countable. Domain-specific to musical instruments. Clarify that this is an internal mechanism part, not a tool — distinguishable from sense 1 by context (piano, music).
常見錯誤
6. the smallest of three tiny bones located behind the eardrum; it has a hammer-lik
鎚骨
中耳內三塊小聽骨中的第一塊
the smallest of three tiny bones located behind the eardrum; it has a hammer-like shape and relays vibrations deeper into the hearing system
Sound waves make the eardrum vibrate, which then moves the hammer bone in the middle ear.
聲波使耳膜振動，進而帶動中耳內的鎚骨。
sound waves + eardrum vibrate + moves the hammer bone
The hammer is the first of three small bones that carry vibrations from the eardrum inwards.
鎚骨是三塊小聽骨中的第一塊，負責將振動從耳膜往內傳遞。
Lien's doctor explained that an ear infection had damaged the hammer bone and might affect her hearing.
Lien 的醫生解釋說，一場耳朵感染傷到了她的鎚骨，可能會影響聽力。
The hammer bone passes vibrations to the anvil bone, which then sends them further into the inner ear.
鎚骨將振動傳遞給砧骨，然後再由砧骨傳入內耳。
- malleus
the medical Latin term for the hammer bone; used in clinical anatomy contexts
用法筆記
Usually singular (the hammer or the hammer bone). Also called the 'malleus' in medical terminology. Distinguish from the other two middle ear bones — the incus (anvil) and stapes (stirrup).
常見錯誤
7. A tool driven by electricity or compressed air that strikes or drills into hard
電動鎚
用電力或氣壓擊碎硬物的工具
A tool driven by electricity or compressed air that strikes or drills into hard materials such as rock, concrete, or pavement.
The construction crew used a power hammer to break up the concrete sidewalk.
施工團隊用電動鎚打碎混凝土人行道。
collocation: power hammer / jackhammer / pneumatic hammer
Baraka rented a jackhammer to drill through the stone wall behind his house.
Baraka 租了一台鑿岩機，鑽穿了他家後面的石牆。
The road crew used a power hammer to drill into the pavement and guide new cables underneath.
道路施工團隊用電動鎚鑽入路面，在下方鋪設新的電纜。
The workers operated the jackhammer that shattered the old pavement in under an hour.
工人們操作鑿岩機，不到一小時就把舊路面擊碎了。
- jackhammer
a specific type of power hammer for breaking pavement or rock
- pneumatic hammer
a power hammer that runs on compressed air, common on construction sites
- power drill
a related tool used mainly for drilling rather than striking
文法句型
hammer + noun (compound: hammer drill, jackhammer)
用法筆記
In this sense, 'hammer' usually appears with a modifier specifying the power source or type (electric hammer, pneumatic hammer, jackhammer). Without a modifier, a reader may assume the hand tool.
常見錯誤
8. A small wooden mallet that an auctioneer strikes on a surface to signal that an
拍賣槌
拍賣官敲桌宣布成交的木槌
A small wooden mallet that an auctioneer strikes on a surface to signal that an item has been sold to the highest bidder.
The auctioneer raised his hammer and brought it down sharply on the table.
拍賣官舉起拍賣槌，用力敲在桌上。
pattern: raise + bring down the hammer
When the hammer finally fell, the painting sold for over two million dollars.
拍賣槌終於落下時，那幅畫以兩百多萬美元賣出。
pattern: the hammer falls (auction concluded)
The auctioneer shouted 'sold' as the hammer came down on the bidder's winning offer.
拍賣官大喊「成交！」同時拍賣槌落在得標者的出價上。
The room went silent as the hammer came down to close the final sale.
全場一片寂靜，拍賣槌落下，結束了最後一輪競標。
The antique clock went under the hammer and sold for three times its estimated price.
那座古董鐘被送上拍賣，最後以估價三倍的價格賣出。
- gavel
the standard term for the same object, also used by judges
- auctioneer's mallet
a more formal description emphasizing the auction setting
文法句型
the + hammer + falls
under the + hammer
用法筆記
Common in fixed expressions: 'under the hammer' (being sold at auction) and 'the hammer falls' (the sale is finalized). This sense is closely tied to auction settings and is rarely used outside that context.
常見錯誤
9. A stick with a rounded padded head that a musician uses to strike instruments su
敲擊槌
敲打木琴等打擊樂器的棒槌
A stick with a rounded padded head that a musician uses to strike instruments such as xylophones, chimes, or kettledrums in order to produce notes.
Sofie picked up a felt-covered hammer and played the xylophone softly.
Sofie 拿起一支毛氈頭的敲擊槌，輕輕地演奏木琴。
collocation: felt-covered / rubber / wooden hammer
The musician chose a rubber hammer to strike the chimes for a warm tone.
那位樂手選用橡膠頭的敲擊槌敲鐘琴，以獲得溫暖的音色。
Dahlia struck the xylophone bars with a rubber hammer to produce a bright, cheerful melody.
Dahlia 用橡膠敲擊槌敲打木琴的琴鍵，發出明亮歡快的旋律。
The percussionist chose a soft felt hammer to create a gentle, mellow sound on the chimes.
打擊樂手選了一把柔軟的毛氈敲擊槌，在鐘琴上營造出柔和圓潤的聲音。
Mei Lin used a pair of felt hammers to play a cheerful tune on the marimba.
Mei Lin 用一對毛氈敲擊槌在馬林巴琴上演奏了一首歡快的曲子。
用法筆記
Percussion hammers vary by material (felt, rubber, yarn, wood) to produce different tones. The head material and hardness directly affect the instrument's sound. Not to be confused with a drumstick, which is longer and used for drum kits.