impaired
impaired — 形容詞
1. Any ability, organ, or object that is impaired works less effectively than norma
受損的
功能或能力減弱的狀態
Any ability, organ, or object that is impaired works less effectively than normal, typically because of injury, disease, or external damage — for instance, a person's hearing, memory, or the function of a machine can be impaired.
After the accident, Bao's hearing was impaired in his left ear.
事故後，Bao 的左耳聽力受損。
passive: be impaired by [cause/injury]
Constant dust in the factory had impaired the workers' lung function over time.
工廠裡持續的粉塵久而久之損害了工人的肺功能。
Impaired memory left Takeshi standing in the supermarket, unable to recall why he had come.
記憶力受損讓 Takeshi 站在超市裡，想不起自己為什麼要來。
When her eyesight became impaired, Talia started using a magnifying glass to read.
Talia 的視力變差後，她開始用放大鏡閱讀。
The phone's battery performance was impaired by extreme cold during the trip.
手機的電池續航力在旅行中因極寒而受損。
- weakened
focuses on loss of strength rather than overall damage
- damaged
implies physical harm; stronger and more permanent than 'impaired'
- reduced
suggests a measurable lowering of ability, not necessarily damage
- diminished
more formal; suggests a gradual or partial decrease in function
- unimpaired
direct opposite; working at full capacity
- intact
suggests nothing has been harmed or reduced
用法筆記
Often used with body parts or bodily functions (vision, hearing, memory, mobility) in medical or technical contexts. The verb 'to impair' is transitive, but 'impaired' as an adjective describes a state or condition.
常見錯誤
2. A person described as impaired in a driving context cannot control a vehicle saf
酒駕的
因酒或藥物而無法安全駕駛
A person described as impaired in a driving context cannot control a vehicle safely because their system contains alcohol, illegal drugs, or certain medicines. This is a formal legal term used in traffic law.
A truck driver was arrested after tests showed he was impaired by alcohol.
一名卡車司機被測出酒後駕駛，隨後遭到逮捕。
passive: be impaired by [substance]
In Canada, driving with a blood alcohol level above 0.08 percent is legally impaired.
在加拿大，血液酒精濃度超過 0.08% 即構成法定酒駕。
Bilal was charged with impaired driving after police stopped his car near the bridge.
Bilal 在橋邊被警察攔下後，被控酒後駕駛。
The city introduced stricter penalties for anyone caught driving while impaired.
該市對任何被抓到酒後駕駛的人實施更嚴厲的處罰。
A witness reported that the van was weaving across lanes because of an impaired driver.
一名目擊者通報說那輛廂型車在路上蛇行，司機疑似酒駕。
- intoxicated
broader term covering any substance-based loss of control; also used medically
- under the influence
standard legal phrasing; often abbreviated as 'DUI' or 'DWI'
- drunk
informal and specific to alcohol; not used in formal legal documents
- sober
having no alcohol or drugs in the body; able to drive safely
用法筆記
Primarily used in legal or law-enforcement contexts. 'Impaired driving' is a specific criminal offence in many jurisdictions, often defined by a legal blood-alcohol limit. This sense rarely appears outside formal or official settings.