incidence
incidence — 名詞
1. how often something, particularly an illness or unwanted event, occurs over a sp
發生率
某事件（尤指疾病）發生的頻率
how often something, particularly an illness or unwanted event, occurs over a specific time period or within a particular group of people.
The incidence of flu dropped sharply after the hospital started offering free vaccines.
那間醫院開始提供免費疫苗後，流感的發生率大幅下降。
incidence + of + disease; passive with drop/rise
Dr. Nikhil's team studied the incidence of heart problems among older factory workers.
Dr. Nikhil 的研究團隊調查了年長工廠工人的心臟疾病發生率。
study/track the incidence of [condition]
A high incidence of skin rashes was seen in children near the polluted river.
在那條受污染河流附近玩耍的兒童當中，皮膚疹的發生率較高。
Researchers found that the incidence of colds rises when schools reopen each autumn.
研究人員發現，每年秋季學校重新開學後，感冒的發生率就會上升。
The city government wants to reduce the incidence of road accidents by building safer crossings.
市政府希望透過建造更安全的十字路口來降低交通事故的發生率。
- frequency
broader term for how often anything happens, not limited to negative events
- prevalence
in epidemiology, prevalence counts all existing cases at a point in time, while incidence counts only new cases
文法句型
incidence + of + noun phrase
用法筆記
Typically followed by of + a noun phrase naming the event or condition. Frequently modified by high or low. Common in academic and medical writing about population health.
常見錯誤
2. the way a beam of light meets or strikes a surface, considered as a physical eve
入射
光線接觸到物體表面的現象
the way a beam of light meets or strikes a surface, considered as a physical event.
When sunlight enters water, the incidence of the light beam makes it change direction.
陽光進入水中時，光線的入射使其改變行進方向。
incidence of light — physics context
Physicists measure how the incidence of a laser on a prism changes the colours produced.
物理學家測量雷射入射到稜鏡時如何改變產生的顏色。
The camera lens bends the light at the exact point of incidence on its surface.
相機鏡頭在光線入射到鏡面的確切位置產生折射。
Solar panels work best when the incidence of sunlight hits them at a right angle.
太陽能板在陽光以垂直角度入射時效率最高。
文法句型
incidence + of + light/beam/ray
用法筆記
Almost exclusively used in physics and optics contexts. The compound phrase angle of incidence is common in textbooks but functions as a fixed technical term.