invalid
invalid — 形容詞
1. used to describe a document, ticket, law, or agreement that has no legal force b
無效的
不具法律效力的
used to describe a document, ticket, law, or agreement that has no legal force because it does not follow the required rules.
Élise's passport was declared invalid because it had expired three months earlier.
Élise 的護照被宣告無效，因為三個月前就已過期。
passive: be declared invalid
The court ruled that the old contract was invalid and could not be enforced.
法院裁定那份舊合約無效，無法強制執行。
ruled + that-clause + invalid
Owen tried to use a discount coupon, but the shop assistant said it was invalid.
Owen 想用一張折扣券，但店員說那張券已經無效了。
Any signature made under threat is considered invalid under state law.
在脅迫下簽署的任何簽名，依州法均視為無效。
Voters who arrived late were told their ballots would be invalid.
遲到的選民被告知他們的選票將被視為無效。
- valid
the direct opposite; legally or officially acceptable
用法筆記
Frequently used in passive constructions with verbs like 'declare,' 'rule,' and 'consider.' The object is typically a legal or official document (passport, contract, ballot).
常見錯誤
2. used to describe an argument, reason, or opinion that is wrong because it is bui
不成立的
基於錯誤推理而錯誤的
used to describe an argument, reason, or opinion that is wrong because it is built on faulty reasoning or incorrect facts.
Lien's argument was invalid because it assumed a cause without offering any evidence.
Lien 的論點不成立，因為它假設了一個原因卻沒有提供任何證據。
argument + be + invalid + because-clause
The professor pointed out that the student's reasoning was invalid from the start.
教授指出那名學生的推理從一開始就是錯誤的。
pointed out + that-clause + reasoning + be + invalid
Eli's conclusion is invalid since it does not follow from the facts presented.
Eli 的結論不成立，因為它無法從所提出的事實推導出來。
The logic of that proposal falls apart because its main premise is invalid.
那項提案的邏輯站不住腳，因為它的主要前提不成立。
- unsound
suggests the reasoning has a hidden weakness; slightly more formal
- fallacious
implies a recognizable error in logic; quite formal
- flawed
softer than invalid; suggests a mistake rather than complete wrongness
用法筆記
Common with nouns of reasoning: 'argument,' 'reasoning,' 'conclusion,' 'premise.' Distinguish from sense 1 (NOT LEGALLY ACCEPTABLE): sense 2 deals with logical flaws, not legal standing.
invalid — 名詞
1. a person who is weak or ill over a long period and relies on others for daily ca
病弱者
長期生病需他人照料的人
a person who is weak or ill over a long period and relies on others for daily care.
The nurse visited the old invalid every morning to bring his medicine.
護士每天早上都去探望那位年邁的病弱者，為他送藥。
old invalid (common modifier pair)
After the stroke, Hiro's grandmother became an invalid and needed help with everything.
中風之後，Hiro 的祖母成了病弱者，什麼都需要別人幫忙。
became an invalid (change-of-state pattern)
The charity delivers hot meals to invalids who cannot leave their homes.
該慈善機構為無法出門的病弱者提供熱食。
When Reema was bedridden, she hated being treated like an invalid.
Reema 臥床期間，她很討厭被當作病弱者對待。
用法筆記
Considered old-fashioned and potentially offensive in modern usage. Alternatives such as 'person with a disability' or 'person living with a chronic illness' are now preferred.
常見錯誤
invalid — 動詞
1. to officially release a member of the armed forces or emergency services from du
因傷退役
因健康因素解除勤務
to officially release a member of the armed forces or emergency services from duty because they are too sick or injured to continue serving.
The army invalided Sergeant Obi after he lost his hearing during combat training.
陸軍讓 Obi 中士因傷退役，因為他在戰鬥訓練中失去了聽力。
army + invalid + [person] after [event]
Firefighters who are badly injured may be invalided out of the service.
重傷的消防員可能會因傷退役。
passive: be invalided out of + service
Christopher was invalided home after developing a severe lung infection.
Christopher 因肺部嚴重感染而被送回家中休養，並因此退役。
The navy invalided two officers who were hurt during the training exercise.
海軍讓兩名在訓練中受傷的軍官因傷退役。
- discharge
general term for releasing someone from service; does not imply a medical reason
- muster out
American English term for formal military discharge
文法句型
invalid + somebody + out of/from + service
用法筆記
Predominantly British English, especially in military contexts. The American equivalent is usually 'discharged for medical reasons.' Often used in the passive voice or with the particle 'out.'
2. to make a person permanently weak, sick, or unable to move normally, especially
使傷殘
使人永久失去健康或行動能力
to make a person permanently weak, sick, or unable to move normally, especially through injury or disease.
The car accident invalided Mauricio and left him unable to walk properly.
那場車禍讓 Mauricio 終身傷殘，使他無法正常行走。
accident + invalid + [person] (cause—result pattern)
A childhood illness invalided Camille and confined her to a wheelchair.
一場兒時疾病讓 Camille 傷殘，從此只能坐輪椅。
The disease invalided several soldiers before a cure was found.
在找到治療方法之前，這種疾病使好幾名士兵傷殘。
A workplace accident invalided Benjamin and ended his career as a builder.
一場工安意外讓 Benjamin 傷殘，終結了他的建築工人生涯。
文法句型
invalid + somebody
用法筆記
Very rare in modern English; 'disabled' or 'left disabled' are far more common. Distinguish from verb sense 1 (REMOVE FROM DUTY): sense 1 is about administrative removal from service, while sense 2 describes the physical act of causing disability.