judge
judge — 名詞
1. a person who presides over a court of law, hears the evidence presented, and giv
法官
在法庭上審理案件並作出判決的人
a person who presides over a court of law, hears the evidence presented, and gives a formal decision about guilt or punishment.
The judge asked the witness to describe what she saw the night of the robbery.
法官請證人描述她在搶案當晚所看到的情況。
countable: the judge in a court context
Judge Nkechi sentenced the man to three years in prison for the theft.
Nkechi 法官判處該男子三年有期徒刑，因為他犯了盜竊罪。
title: Judge + surname as form of address
Ignacio's uncle has worked as a judge in the district court for over twenty years.
Ignacio 的叔叔在地方法院擔任法官已經超過二十年了。
The defence lawyer stood up and addressed the judge before the trial began.
辯護律師站起來，在審判開始前向法官發言。
- magistrate
a lower-level judge who deals with minor offences; narrower scope
- justice
used for senior judges, especially on appeal or supreme courts; more formal
- presiding officer
generic term for the person in charge of a court session; less common in everyday use
文法句型
the judge (with definite article)
用法筆記
Often preceded by the definite article ('the judge') or used as a title before a surname ('Judge Smith'). In British English, judges are formally addressed as 'Your Honour' in court.
常見錯誤
2. a person selected to pick the winner or rank the participants in a competition.
評審；裁判
在比賽中評分或決定勝負的人
a person selected to pick the winner or rank the participants in a competition.
The judges gave the dance group a score of nine out of ten.
評審們給這個舞蹈團體打了九分（滿分十分）。
plural: the judges (panel context)
Four judges tasted each dish without knowing who had cooked it.
四位評審品嚐了每一道菜，但不知道是誰料理的。
quantifier: four judges
Saira was chosen as a judge for the city's annual baking competition.
Saira 被選為該市年度烘焙大賽的評審。
The head judge announced the winner after checking all the scorecards.
主裁判在檢查完所有計分卡後宣布了優勝者。
Each judge held up a numbered card to show how they rated the performance.
每位評審舉起一張數字牌，表示他們對表演的評分。
- referee
used mainly for sports matches; enforces rules rather than scoring
- umpire
used in cricket, tennis, and baseball; makes rulings during play
- adjudicator
formal term for someone who judges a contest; less common in everyday language
文法句型
the judges (plural for panel)
用法筆記
Commonly appears in the plural ('the judges') when referring to a panel. Typical contexts include cooking shows, dance competitions, sports events, and talent contests.
常見錯誤
3. a person whose knowledge or experience allows them to give an informed opinion o
鑑定人；行家
有知識或經驗判斷好壞的人
a person whose knowledge or experience allows them to give an informed opinion on the quality or value of something.
Heather is a good judge of character and can spot a dishonest person quickly.
Heather 很會看人，能很快識別出不誠實的人。
pattern: a good judge of [something]
Leo is not a judge of modern art, but he knows what he likes.
Leo 對現代藝術不是行家，但他知道自己喜歡什麼。
pattern: not a judge of [something]
When it comes to wine, Élise is a reliable judge of quality.
說到葡萄酒，Élise 是一位可靠的品質鑑定人。
Eve is an excellent judge of wine quality — she has worked in vineyards for over a decade.
Eve 是葡萄酒品質的絕佳鑑定人——她在葡萄園工作了十多年。
- connoisseur
someone with expert knowledge, especially in food, drink, or the arts; narrower and more refined
- critic
someone who judges creative work professionally, often writing reviews
- expert
broader term for someone with deep knowledge; not limited to evaluation
文法句型
a [adjective] judge of [something]
用法筆記
Typically appears in the pattern 'a [adjective] judge of [noun]', where the adjective describes the person's reliability (good, poor, excellent, reliable). The noun following 'of' names the area of judgment (character, quality, art, wine, talent).
judge — 動詞
1. to form a conclusion or opinion about someone or something after weighing the av
判斷；評價
根據資訊或證據形成看法
to form a conclusion or opinion about someone or something after weighing the available evidence or information.
Dewi felt it was unfair to judge her classmates solely by their appearance when she barely knew them.
Dewi 認為在幾乎不認識同學的情況下，只憑外表來判斷他們是不公平的。
collocation: judge by appearance
David tried to judge how long the repair work would take.
David 試著判斷修繕工作需要多久時間。
pattern: judge + wh-clause (how)
The committee will judge each proposal on its cost and practicality.
委員會將根據每個提案的成本和可行性來評估。
Ari judged that the cake needed another ten minutes in the oven.
Ari 判斷蛋糕還需要在烤箱裡再烤十分鐘。
Rania judged from her tone that she was not telling the whole story.
Rania 從她的語氣判斷，她沒有說出全部實情。
文法句型
judge + noun phrase
judge + wh-clause (whether/if/how)
judge + that-clause
judge by/from + noun phrase
用法筆記
Can be transitive (judge + object), followed by a wh-clause (judge whether/if/how), or a that-clause. The phrase 'judging by/from' is also common but belongs to verb sense 4. Frequently passive when the basis of judgment is emphasised ('It should be judged on its quality, not its price').
常見錯誤
2. to form a harsh or unfavourable opinion of someone's character or behaviour, oft
批評；指責
對他人的行為給予負面評價
to form a harsh or unfavourable opinion of someone's character or behaviour, often without knowing the full situation.
Quinn felt that his classmates were judging him for wearing old clothes.
Quinn 覺得同學因為他穿舊衣服而批評他。
transitive: judge + person + for + noun phrase
Please do not judge me — I did the best I could under the circumstances.
請不要責怪我——在這種情況下我已經盡力而為了。
negative imperative: do not judge
Jiwoo's parents never judged her choices, even when they disagreed.
Jiwoo 的父母從未批評她的選擇，即使他們不同意。
Yael judged the school's new lunch menu too quickly, without giving the cooks a chance to improve it.
Yael 太快批評學校的新午餐菜單，沒給廚師改進的機會。
- criticise
more direct and explicit about expressing disapproval; less emotional
- condemn
stronger disapproval, often moral in nature; more formal
- look down on
phrasal verb suggesting a feeling of superiority; informal
文法句型
judge + noun phrase (person)
judge (no object)
don't judge
用法筆記
Frequently used in negative imperatives ('Don't judge!') or in defensive statements where the speaker feels wrongly criticised ('You're judging me'). The object is typically a person or the person's choices/behaviour. Unlike sense 1, this sense carries a clear negative connotation and implies the judgment is unfair or premature.
常見錯誤
3. to act as the official decider in a contest or competition, typically by giving
評判；評分
在競賽中擔任評審決定勝負
to act as the official decider in a contest or competition, typically by giving scores or selecting the winner.
Kofi was asked to judge the final round of the school science fair.
Kofi 受邀評審學校科展的最後一輪比賽。
passive: be asked to judge + event
Sivan has judged many dance competitions across the country.
Sivan 在國內擔任過許多舞蹈比賽的評審。
present perfect: has judged + competitions
Two professional chefs will judge the cooking contest at the town festival.
兩位專業廚師將在市集活動中評判烹飪比賽。
A panel of experts will judge the entries and select the best design.
一個專家小組將為所有參賽作品評分，選出最好的設計。
Tamar judged the race and announced the winner at the closing ceremony.
Tamar 為這場賽跑擔任裁判，並在閉幕典禮上宣布了贏家。
- adjudicate
more formal; used in legal or official competition contexts
- referee
specific to sports; focuses on rule enforcement
- score
focuses on assigning numerical ratings rather than declaring a winner
文法句型
judge + noun phrase (competition/event)
用法筆記
The subject is usually a person with official authority to decide the outcome. Often appears in the passive structure ('The competition was judged by…'). The object is the event, contest, or entries, not the participants directly.
常見錯誤
4. used to explain what evidence or observation led to a particular conclusion, alw
推斷；依據
根據觀察到的現象做出推測
used to explain what evidence or observation led to a particular conclusion, always in the fixed structures 'judging by' or 'judging from'.
Judging by the dark clouds, a storm is likely to arrive this evening.
從烏雲來判斷，今晚很可能會有一場暴風雨。
fixed pattern: judging by + noun phrase for prediction
The party was a huge success, judging from the smiles on everyone's faces.
從大家臉上的笑容來看，這場派對辦得非常成功。
fixed pattern: judging from + noun phrase for inference
Judging by her expression, Jenna did not expect to receive that news.
從她的表情推斷，Jenna 沒有預料到會收到那個消息。
Judging from the empty shelves, the sale had already started.
從空空的貨架判斷，特賣會已經開始了。
Judging from the noise outside, the children are having a wonderful time.
從外面的吵鬧聲判斷，孩子們正在開心玩耍。
- going by
informal alternative with the same meaning
- based on
more formal; used in different syntactic positions
- to judge by/from
infinitive form used similarly but less common
文法句型
judging by + noun phrase
judging from + noun phrase
用法筆記
Unlike the other verb senses, this sense only appears in the present participle form ('judging by/from') as a fixed phrase at the start of a sentence, or in the structure 'judge from [evidence] that [conclusion]'. It is a discourse marker that signals the speaker is making an inference. Cannot be conjugated for person or tense ('*I judged by the clouds' does not carry this sense).