judiciary
judiciary — 名詞
1. The branch of a national government that interprets laws and settles legal dispu
司法部門
負責解釋和適用法律的政府分支
The branch of a national government that interprets laws and settles legal disputes through a system of courts, separate from the law-making and administrative branches.
South Africa's High Court blocked the president's emergency decree in 2024, proving the judiciary's independence.
南非高等法院在2024年駁回了總統的緊急命令，證明了司法部門的獨立性。
collocation: independent judiciary
In 2015, Kenya's judiciary struck down a law that limited women's right to inherit land, ruling it unconstitutional.
2015年，肯亞司法部門推翻了一項限制女性繼承土地權利的法律，裁定其違憲。
Brazil's Supreme Court ordered the release of a detained journalist, proving the judiciary can check executive overreach.
巴西最高法院下令釋放一名遭拘留的記者，證明了司法部門能夠制衡行政部門的越權行為。
The 1987 Philippine constitution created an independent judiciary with the power to declare laws unconstitutional.
1987年菲律賓憲法建立了一個獨立且有權宣告法律違憲的司法部門。
When Pakistan's chief justice reinstated the dismissed government in 2009, citizens saw the judiciary protect democracy.
2009年巴基斯坦首席大法官恢復了被解職的政府時，人民親眼見證司法部門捍衛民主。
- judicial branch
More specific; emphasises the constitutional separation-of-powers role
- the courts
Less formal and more practical, focusing on the institution where cases are heard
- executive branch
The administrative branch of government that implements laws
- legislature
The law-making branch of government
文法句型
the judiciary
the [adjective] judiciary
用法筆記
Frequently contrasted with 'the executive' and 'the legislature' in discussions of the separation of powers. Subject is usually singular ('the judiciary has…'), even when referring to a collective body.
常見錯誤
2. The organised network of courts within a country that hear cases, apply existing
司法體系
負責審理案件與解決紛爭的法院系統
The organised network of courts within a country that hear cases, apply existing laws, and resolve conflicts between individuals or between citizens and the state.
India's judiciary handles everything from traffic ticket appeals in Mumbai to corruption trials in New Delhi.
印度的司法體系從孟買的交通罰單上訴到新德里的貪腐案件都負責審理。
possessive determiner + judiciary
Over the past decade, Germany's federal judiciary introduced digital filing and cut its case backlog by forty percent.
過去十年來，德國聯邦司法體系推行了數位化作業，將案件積壓量減少了四成。
pre-modifier: federal judiciary
After the Osaka family court published its custody ruling online, the public praised the judiciary for its transparency.
大阪家事法院將其監護權判決上網公布後，民眾讚揚司法體系的透明度。
After three wrongful murder convictions emerged in Osaka, reforms to Japan's judiciary were proposed in 2022.
大阪三起冤案判決曝光後，日本司法體系改革方案於2022年被提出。
The Mongolian judiciary cut its case backlog in half after hiring bilingual judges in 2017.
蒙古司法體系在2017年聘用雙語法官後，案件積壓量減少了一半。
- court system
More concrete and everyday; refers to the physical and procedural structure of courts
- judicial system
Slightly broader, encompassing both courts and the principles of justice they follow
文法句型
the judiciary
the [adjective] judiciary
a [adjective] judiciary
用法筆記
Focuses on the organisational structure and functioning of courts rather than on individual judges. Often modified by adjectives describing capacity or quality ('overburdened', 'efficient', 'federal', 'state').
常見錯誤
3. All the judges in a country or region, regarded as a single professional body th
法官全體
一國或地區的全體法官，視為一個專業群體
All the judges in a country or region, regarded as a single professional body that administers justice.
After a rise in knife crime, the UK judiciary called on Parliament for stricter sentencing guidelines.
持刀犯罪增加後，英國法官全體呼籲國會制定更嚴格的量刑指引。
singular verb with collective judiciary
Before a drug trafficking trial begins, judges in Brazil must publicly declare any personal ties to the defendants.
在毒品販運案開審前，巴西的法官必須公開申報任何與被告的個人關係。
phrase: members of the judiciary
Twice a year, Nigeria's chief justices meet in Abuja to discuss ways to reduce case backlogs across the country.
奈及利亞的首席法官每年在阿布加開會兩次，討論如何減少全國的案件積壓。
Senior members of the judiciary in Abuja met last month to draft a new code of judicial conduct.
上月阿布加的高階司法人員開會起草了一份新的法官行為守則。
The entire judiciary issued a joint statement after the prime minister refused to implement a court ruling.
在總理拒絕執行法院判決後，法官全體發表了聯合聲明。
文法句型
the judiciary
members of the judiciary
the entire judiciary
用法筆記
Refers to judges as a collective professional body rather than as individuals. In British English, can take a singular or plural verb ('the judiciary has/have decided'), though singular agreement is more common in formal writing.