cold
cold — 形容詞
1. noticeably colder than what a person finds comfortable — used for weather, food,
冷的
溫度明顯低於常溫的
noticeably colder than what a person finds comfortable — used for weather, food, drinks, objects, and parts of the body.
The water in the lake was too cold for swimming.
湖水太冷了，不適合游泳。
collocation: cold water / cold weather
Ravi put on a woollen hat because the wind felt cold.
Ravi 戴上了毛帽，因為風吹起來很冷。
The pizza had gone cold while we waited for Priya.
我們等 Priya 的時候，披薩已經冷掉了。
The clinic floor tiles felt cold against bare feet.
診所的地板磁磚踩在光腳上感覺很冰。
Leila poured cold milk into her hot coffee and stirred.
Leila 把冷牛奶倒進熱咖啡裡攪拌。
文法句型
be/get/feel/grow/turn + cold
cold + noun
用法筆記
Commonly used after linking verbs: be/get/feel/turn/grow cold. For food and drinks that are served at a low temperature on purpose (e.g. cold beer, cold noodles), use iced or chilled for emphasis on 'intentionally served cold' vs. 'has lost its heat.'
常見錯誤
2. behaving toward others in a way that shows no warmth, kindness, or friendly feel
冷淡的
冷漠不友善的態度或語氣
behaving toward others in a way that shows no warmth, kindness, or friendly feeling — used of a person's manner, voice, expression, or the atmosphere in a room or relationship.
The new manager gave the team a cold stare when they arrived late.
新主管在團隊遲到時給了他們一個冷漠的眼神。
collocation: cold stare / cold look / cold voice
Yusuf tried to start a conversation, but the receptionist remained cold and distant.
Yusuf 想開啟話題，但櫃檯人員態度冷淡而有距離感。
A cold atmosphere filled the room after the argument.
爭吵過後，房間裡瀰漫著一股冷漠的氣氛。
Diego received a cold welcome when he joined the new team.
Diego 加入新團隊時受到了冷淡的歡迎。
Hana received a cold reply and decided not to ask again.
Hana 收到冷淡的回覆後決定不再追問。
- unfriendly
direct synonym; not showing friendliness
- distant
emotionally removed, not engaging with others
- chilly
less intense than cold; a chilly response is cool but not openly hostile
- icy
very cold and hostile; stronger intensity than cold
文法句型
be + cold + to/toward + noun
cold + noun (stare/voice/response/welcome)
用法筆記
Unlike sense 1 (LOW TEMPERATURE), this sense only applies to people, their behaviour, words, looks, or the mood of a situation — not to physical objects or weather. Distinguish from sense 1 by checking whether the subject is a person or an abstract quality.
常見錯誤
3. describing a criminal investigation that remains open after years with no progre
未破的
（刑事案件）長期未偵破的
describing a criminal investigation that remains open after years with no progress, making it unlikely that the case will ever be closed.
The detective still works on cold cases from twenty years ago.
那位偵探仍在調查二十年前的未破案件。
collocation: cold case
A cold murder case was reopened after a witness came forward with new information.
一名證人出面提供新資訊後，這樁未破的謀殺案重新展開調查。
Police moved the cold files to storage after all leads went nowhere.
所有線索都沒有結果後，警方將未破案件的檔案移入了儲藏室。
The department formed a cold case unit to examine old unsolved crimes.
該部門成立了一個未破案件小組，專門調查久未偵破的犯罪。
- unsolved
broader term; any problem or mystery that has not been solved
文法句型
cold + noun (case/murder/investigation/file)
用法筆記
Only used attributively before a noun (cold case, cold file, cold investigation). Cannot be used predicatively: 'The case is cold' is acceptable in informal police jargon, but learners should stick to attributive use.
常見錯誤
4. situation in a guessing game where the player is far from the solution they are
不接近
（猜謎遊戲中）離答案或目標很遠
situation in a guessing game where the player is far from the solution they are hunting for — used as a clue to guide the seeker.
In the treasure hunt the children were told they were cold.
在尋寶遊戲中，孩子們被告知他們離目標還很遠。
When the player is cold the hidden object is far from their guess.
當玩家離目標很遠時，隱藏物品距離他們猜測的位置還差得很遠。
game rule: 'cold' = far from answer; 'hot' = close
Kofi knew he was cold when his teammates laughed at his guess.
Kofi 的隊友笑他的猜測，他就知道自己離答案還很遠。
The teacher told Noa she was cold and should look in a different room.
老師告訴 Noa 她猜得很遠，應該去另一個房間找找看。
- far off
informal; not close to the correct answer in a game or search
- hot
very close to the answer or hiding place in a game
文法句型
be + cold
you're getting colder
用法筆記
Used exclusively in children's guessing games and some detective-style activities. The opposite is hot (very close). Learners often encounter this in the expression 'you're getting warmer' vs. 'you're getting colder.'
常見錯誤
cold — 名詞
1. a common viral infection that affects your upper airways, causing sneezing, coug
感冒
常見的鼻喉病毒感染
a common viral infection that affects your upper airways, causing sneezing, coughing, and a runny nose.
Tomás caught a cold and stayed home from school for two days.
Tomás 感冒了，在家休息了兩天沒去上學。
collocation: catch a cold
Drink plenty of hot tea when you have a cold to soothe your throat.
感冒的時候多喝熱茶可以舒緩喉嚨。
collocation: have a cold
The cold spread quickly through the classroom in winter.
冬天教室裡感冒傳播得很快。
Hana's cold got better after she rested and drank warm soup.
Hana 休息了幾天、喝了熱湯之後，感冒就好多了。
The pharmacist recommended some medicine for my cold.
藥劑師推薦了一些感冒藥給我。
- head cold
a cold that mainly affects the nose and sinuses
- common cold
the full medical name for this illness
文法句型
have/get/catch + a cold
come down with + a cold
用法筆記
Requires the article 'a' in singular form: 'I have a cold' — not 'I have cold.' The plural 'colds' is common: 'She catches three colds every winter.' Do not capitalise it like a medical diagnosis name.
常見錯誤
2. low temperature in the air or in the environment; weather that feels cold or the
寒冷
低溫天氣或寒冷的環境
low temperature in the air or in the environment; weather that feels cold or the absence of warmth.
Amara went inside after standing in the cold for half an hour.
Amara 在寒冷中等了半小時後就走進屋裡了。
collocation: in the cold
Farmers worry about the cold when it threatens their fruit trees.
農夫擔心寒冷天氣會傷害果樹。
The cold of the night forced the campers to build a fire.
夜晚的寒冷迫使露營者生起了火堆。
A sudden cold swept across the city after the storm passed.
暴風雨過後，一股寒氣突然席捲了整個城市。
The animals sought shelter from the cold in a cave.
動物們躲進洞穴裡躲避寒冷。
- coldness
the quality or state of being cold; more abstract
- low temperature
technical term for the scientific measure
- chill
a mild, unpleasant coldness in the air
- heat
high temperature; hot weather
文法句型
the + cold
in the cold
escape/protect from the cold
用法筆記
Typically used with the definite article 'the cold' when referring to cold weather in general, or without an article when used in abstract compounds (cold tolerance, cold protection). Distinguish from sense 1 (ILLNESS): 'the cold' = low temperature, 'a cold' = illness.
常見錯誤
cold — 副詞
1. in a way that is total and complete, especially when stopping or ending somethin
完全地
徹底中斷或停止
in a way that is total and complete, especially when stopping or ending something with no hesitation or possibility of continuing.
The engine stopped cold when the fuel line snapped.
油管斷裂時，引擎完全停止了運轉。
pattern: stop + cold (completely and suddenly)
The negotiations came to a halt cold after the deal fell through.
交易破局後，談判完全中斷了。
Diego quit the project cold and walked out without a word.
Diego 徹底放棄了那個專案，一句話也沒說就走了。
The car stopped cold in the middle of the highway.
那輛車在高速公路正中央完全停了下來。
- completely
standard adverb; less vivid but works in all registers
文法句型
Verb + cold (stop/quit/halt)
用法筆記
Only combines with a narrow set of verbs of stopping or ending: stop cold, quit cold, halt cold. Not productive — you cannot say 'finish cold' or 'end cold.'
常見錯誤
2. without any previous introduction, warning, or arrangement — used especially whe
未經通知
未事先聯繫或告知
without any previous introduction, warning, or arrangement — used especially when contacting or approaching someone for the first time.
The salesperson cold-called every home in the area.
業務員挨家挨戶地打電話陌生推銷。
compound: cold-call (contact without prior notice)
Rashida cold-emailed the CEO and was surprised to get a reply.
Rashida 未經預約就發電子郵件給執行長，沒想到收到了回覆。
The journalist cold-approached the athlete after the match.
那位記者在賽後直接上前接觸運動員。
Theo walked in cold and asked to speak to the manager.
Theo 沒打招呼就走了進去，要求見經理。
- unannounced
more formal; without prior notice
- by appointment
with prior arrangement
文法句型
cold + Verb (call/approach/contact/email)
用法筆記
Often combined with a verb using a hyphen to form compounds: cold-call, cold-email, cold-approach. The hyphen is optional but common in written English.
常見錯誤
3. without any practice, rehearsal, or physical warm-up before starting a performan
無準備
未經練習或熱身
without any practice, rehearsal, or physical warm-up before starting a performance, sport, or activity.
The singer had to perform cold when the warm-up act fell ill.
暖場歌手臨時生病，那位歌手只好直接上臺演唱。
pattern: perform + cold (without rehearsal)
The actor delivered the lines cold without having read the script.
那位演員連劇本都沒看過，就直接上場念臺詞。
The basketball player went into the game cold after missing practice.
籃球員因為錯過練習，沒熱身就直接上場比賽。
Students were asked to give a speech cold on the first day.
學生們在第一天就被要求直接上臺即興演講。
- unprepared
standard adverb; without prior preparation
- after warming up
after preparation or rehearsal
文法句型
Verb + cold (perform/sing/play/go in)
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2 (WITHOUT NOTICE): sense 2 is about contacting people without prior arrangement; sense 3 is about performing an activity without prior preparation. Both can appear in the same sentence: 'He cold-called a client (sense 2) and then gave a presentation cold (sense 3).'