that
that — 限定詞
1. used before a noun to show which person, thing, or event you mean, especially wh
那；那個
指空間或時間上較遠的人事物
used before a noun to show which person, thing, or event you mean, especially when it is not near you in space or time.
Can you pass me that book on the top shelf?
可以幫我拿書架最上層那本書嗎？
demonstrative determiner — pointing at distant noun
That house at the end of the street has been empty for years.
街道盡頭那棟房子已經空了很多年。
Liam still remembers that summer in Portugal when he learned to surf.
Liam 仍記得在葡萄牙學衝浪的那個夏天。
I do not want to talk about that argument we had last week.
我不想談我們上週那次爭吵。
- this
used for something near the speaker rather than far away
文法句型
that + noun (singular)
that + noun phrase
用法筆記
The plural form is 'those'. Use 'this' for things that are near the speaker in space or time.
常見錯誤
2. put before a noun when you and the person you are talking to both know which thi
該；那
指已提及或雙方已知的事物
put before a noun when you and the person you are talking to both know which thing is meant because it was mentioned earlier.
Feng finally got that job she applied for last month.
Feng 終於得到了她上個月申請的那份工作。
anaphoric determiner — referring back to known information
We need to discuss that issue the manager raised in the meeting.
我們需要討論經理在會議上提出的那個問題。
Brooke suggested a new approach, but that plan needs more thought.
Brooke 提出了一個新方法，但那項計畫還需要更多考量。
That noise you heard was just the wind blowing through the chimney.
你聽到的那個聲音只是風吹過煙囪的聲音。
文法句型
that + noun (previously referenced)
用法筆記
Unlike Sense 1, this sense does not point to something physically distant. The thing may be right here — the point is that speaker and listener both know which one is meant from earlier conversation.
that — 連接詞
1. placed between a verb, adjective, or noun and a following sentence that says wha
…的這件事
用於引述或報告內容的子句前，常可省略
placed between a verb, adjective, or noun and a following sentence that says what someone thinks, says, or feels. Often left out in everyday speech.
Marco said that he would arrive around six o'clock.
Marco 說他大概六點會到。
that-clause after a reporting verb (said)
I truly believe everyone deserves a fair chance in life.
我真心相信每個人在生活中都值得被公平對待。
that omitted — common in spoken English
It is important that you finish the report by Monday.
你必須在星期一前完成報告，這點很重要。
The teacher explained that the exam would be on the last Friday of the month.
老師解釋說考試會在該月最後一個星期五舉行。
文法句型
verb + that-clause
adjective + that-clause
noun + that-clause
用法筆記
In formal writing, 'that' is usually kept. In casual conversation, it is often dropped after common verbs like 'think', 'say', 'know', 'believe'. Keep 'that' when the sentence might be confusing without it.
常見錯誤
that — 代名詞
1. placed after a noun to add a clause telling the listener exactly which individua
…的那個
連接名詞與關係子句，用於人與事物
placed after a noun to add a clause telling the listener exactly which individual is meant. It can apply to humans and to things, and is frequently dropped when it acts as the object of the clause.
The film that won the award was directed by a Taiwanese filmmaker.
得到獎項的那部電影是一位台灣導演拍的。
relative pronoun as subject — cannot be omitted
Is this the train that goes to Taichung?
這是開往台中的那班火車嗎？
The keys that were on the kitchen table have disappeared.
放在廚房桌上的那些鑰匙不見了。
The house that Marco grew up in was torn down last year.
Marco 從小長大的那棟房子去年被拆除了。
Rachid bought the jacket that had the blue stitching on the collar.
Rachid 買了那件領子上有藍色縫線的夾克。
文法句型
noun + that + clause
something/anything/everything + that + clause
用法筆記
Unlike 'which' (used for non-essential information), 'that' introduces essential clauses — the information is needed to know which thing is meant. For people, 'who' is often preferred in formal English, but 'that' is common in everyday speech.
常見錯誤
2. used as a pronoun to refer back to something already said or experienced, often
那；那樣
指前面說過的事或情況
used as a pronoun to refer back to something already said or experienced, often introducing an explanation or comment about it.
That is exactly what I was trying to tell you.
那正是我一直想告訴你的。
demonstrative pronoun — pointing back to an earlier statement
Hoa asked, "Do you mean that was not your real name?"
Hoa 問道：「你是說那不是你的真名？」
That reminds me of the time we went camping in the rain without a tent.
那讓我想起我們曾經在雨中露營、沒有帳篷的那次經歷。
And that is why Christopher decided to study medicine instead of law.
那就是為什麼 Christopher 決定讀醫學院而不是法律。
- this
refers to something more immediate or about to be mentioned, rather than something already stated
文法句型
That is/was + noun phrase
That + verb + what/why/how...
3. used as a pronoun to react to something — for example, to show surprise, delight
真；那麼
表達對某人展示或告知事物的反應
used as a pronoun to react to something — for example, to show surprise, delight, annoyance, or sympathy about what someone has just shown or told you.
"I got the scholarship!" "That is amazing news, João!"
「我拿到獎學金了！」「João，真是太棒的消息了！」
exclamatory pronoun — reacting with enthusiasm
Oh, that hurt! Please be careful where you step.
噢，好痛！請小心你踩的地方。
That is so kind of you to offer to help us move house.
你願意幫我們搬家，真是太貼心了。
Defne looked at the sunset and whispered, "That is the most beautiful thing I have ever seen."
Defne 看著夕陽輕聲說：「這是我見過最美的事物。」
- it
more neutral; 'that' adds a stronger sense of pointing to the specific thing
文法句型
That is + adjective
That + verb + object
That is + noun phrase
用法筆記
In this sense, 'that' always refers to something immediately present in the conversation — something just seen, heard, or learned. The reaction (adjective or noun phrase after 'is') carries the emotional weight.
that — 副詞
1. as much as what has been said or implied; to the degree someone suggests. Usuall
那麼
到對方所說或暗示的程度，常用於否定句
as much as what has been said or implied; to the degree someone suggests. Usually used with negatives or in questions to compare with an expected level.
The movie was not that good, to be honest.
老實說，那部電影沒有那麼好看。
not that + adjective — common negative pattern
I did not know she could run that fast.
我不知道她能跑得那麼快。
The problem is not that difficult once you understand the basic idea.
一旦你理解了基本概念，這個問題並沒有那麼難。
Eitan asked, "Is the hike really that long?"
Eitan 問：「那趟徒步行程真的有那麼長嗎？」
文法句型
not that + adjective/adverb
that + adjective/adverb
用法筆記
This sense is very common in negative sentences ('not that + adjective') and in questions. In positive statements ('it was that good'), it is less common and often sounds like a response to doubt.
常見錯誤
that — 形容詞
1. placed before a noun to single out one particular person or thing by its visible
那個；那
指定特定的人或事物
placed before a noun to single out one particular person or thing by its visible or distinctive attributes — for example, 'that cloud that looks like a rabbit' picks out a specific cloud by its shape.
Look at that cloud that looks like a rabbit.
看那朵像兔子的雲。
demonstrative adjective — pointing at something visible
That man in the blue suit is my uncle.
穿藍色西裝的那位男士是我叔叔。
I want that jacket, not the grey one.
我要那件外套，不是灰色的那件。
Why does that dog keep barking at us every morning?
那隻狗為什麼每天早上都對著我們叫？
- this
points to something near rather than far
文法句型
that + noun
that one + prepositional phrase
用法筆記
Distinguish from determiner/1: the adjective sense singles out a noun by its visible or known features ('that cloud that looks like a rabbit'), while determiner/1 signals that the noun is distant in space or time ('that book on the far shelf'). The adjective sense can also stand before 'one' ('that one') as a full noun phrase.
2. placed before a noun when that noun refers back to something already mentioned i
該
指對話中已提及的人事物
placed before a noun when that noun refers back to something already mentioned in the conversation — for example, saying 'that city' after having just named 'Paris' repeats the reference to the same specific place.
They met in Paris and returned to that city every anniversary.
他們在巴黎相識，之後每年結婚紀念日都會回到那座城市。
adjective — referring back to a place already named
That one cold night changed everything for the family.
那一個寒冷的夜晚改變了這個家庭的一切。
Brooke wore that ring her grandmother gave her every single day.
Brooke 每天都戴著奶奶給她的那枚戒指。
Andrei left his hometown at eighteen and never returned to that place again.
Andrei 十八歲時離開家鄉，再也沒有回到那個地方。
- the same
more emphatic — 'that same car' stresses it is identical, not just previously mentioned
文法句型
that + noun (already mentioned)
that same + noun
用法筆記
Unlike Adj/1 (which picks out a specific item by pointing), this sense picks out an item by referring back to a prior mention. If someone says 'a hotel in Kyoto' and then 'that hotel', this is Adj/2. If someone points and says 'that hotel over there', this is Adj/1.
3. used before 'much', 'many', 'little', or 'few' to emphasise a very large or very
如此；那麼
與數量詞連用，強調數量極大或極小
used before 'much', 'many', 'little', or 'few' to emphasise a very large or very small amount of something.
I cannot believe she has that much patience with noisy children.
我真不敢相信她對吵鬧的孩子有那麼大的耐心。
that much + uncountable noun — emphasising a large amount
The storm caused so much damage that the town was cut off for days.
暴風雨造成的破壞如此嚴重，小鎮好幾天都對外斷絕聯繫。
so much + noun + that-clause — emphasising extreme amount with a consequence
How can one person have that many talents?
一個人怎麼可能擁有那麼多才華？
I did not know he had that little time left to finish the project.
我不知道他只剩下那麼少的時間來完成這個專案。
- so
used with the same quantity words ('so much', 'so many') but more common in positive statements
文法句型
that + much/many/little/few + noun
用法筆記
This sense only combines with quantity words (much, many, little, few). Do not use it directly before ordinary nouns ('that car' uses a different sense). It overlaps with the adverb sense but modifies a noun phrase ('that much money') rather than an adjective.
4. the one that is farther away when two similar things are being compared, especia
較遠的那個
兩者中較遠的那一個
the one that is farther away when two similar things are being compared, especially when choosing between them.
This chair is broken; take that one instead.
這張椅子壞了，坐那張吧。
that one — contrastive: farther of two
Between the two paintings, I prefer that one in the far corner.
兩幅畫之間，我比較喜歡遠處角落那幅。
Do you want this seat by the window or that one next to the door?
你想要靠窗這個位子，還是門邊那個位子？
Lakshmi chose that path leading up the hill instead of the flat road below.
Lakshmi 選擇了那條通往山丘的小路，而不是下方的平坦道路。
- this
the nearer of the two when comparing
文法句型
this/that contrast
that one (as opposed to this one)
用法筆記
This sense always implies a contrast with 'this' or with an alternative. It is often used with 'one' to avoid repeating the noun.