lunatic
lunatic — 名詞
1. a person whose actions are extremely foolish or reckless, creating danger for th
瘋子；莽撞鬼
行為極度愚蠢或魯莽的人
a person whose actions are extremely foolish or reckless, creating danger for themselves or the people near them
Some lunatic on the motorway was driving at nearly 200 kilometres an hour.
有個瘋子在高速公路上以將近兩百公里的時速行駛。
collocation: some lunatic [on/in/at location]
Only a lunatic would try to hike across that frozen lake alone at night.
只有瘋子才會在夜間獨自徒步穿越那座結冰的湖。
pattern: 'only a lunatic would...' for expressing disbelief
Hassan called his neighbour a lunatic after she parked her car across his driveway.
Hassan 罵鄰居是瘋子，因為她把車橫著停在他家車道前。
Mauricio called the plan to build a raft and cross the Pacific a lunatic's dream.
Mauricio 稱那個造木筏橫渡太平洋的計畫是瘋子的夢想。
The officer who jumped into the river to save the dog was called a lunatic.
跳進河裡救狗的那位警員被人說成瘋子。
- sensible person
someone who thinks carefully before acting
2. a word used in the past, especially by doctors, to describe someone with a menta
精神病患
過去對精神病患的貶稱，現屬冒犯用語
a word used in the past, especially by doctors, to describe someone with a mental illness — this term is now considered offensive and should not be used in modern language
In 19th-century hospital records, patients were often listed simply as lunatics.
在十九世紀的醫院紀錄中，病人常被簡單地列為精神病患。
historical usage context
Dr. Esteban wrote 'lunatic' on the patient's chart at Bethlem Hospital in 1880.
Esteban 醫師在 1880 年於 Bethlem 醫院的病歷表上寫下「lunatic」。
historical medical usage with named doctor and hospital
Aylin was upset to read a character described as a lunatic in the old novel.
Aylin 讀到那本舊小說裡有個角色被描寫成瘋子，感到很不舒服。
The law replaced the term 'lunatic' with 'person of unsound mind' in the 20th century.
法律在二十世紀以「心神喪失者」取代了「lunatic」這個用語。
In 1902, a London judge called the man a lunatic and sent him to an asylum.
1902 年，倫敦一名法官稱那名男子為 lunatic，並把他送進精神病院。
- person with a mental health condition
the respectful, modern term
- patient
appropriate in medical contexts
用法筆記
This sense is now considered offensive and stigmatising. Never use it to describe someone with a mental illness. Appropriate modern alternatives include 'person with a mental health condition', 'person experiencing psychosis', or the clinical diagnosis name. Distinguish from sense 1 (SILLY OR DANGEROUS PERSON): sense 1 is informal and describes reckless behaviour by anyone, while sense 2 referred specifically to mental illness and is now unacceptable.
常見錯誤
lunatic — 形容詞
1. extremely foolish and likely to cause serious harm, especially when describing a
瘋狂的
形容計畫或想法極端愚蠢且危險
extremely foolish and likely to cause serious harm, especially when describing a plan, idea, or action
Jisoo warned that crossing the desert without water was a lunatic idea.
Jisoo 警告說，沒帶水就穿越沙漠是個瘋狂的主意。
pattern: a lunatic + [idea / plan / scheme]
The general rejected the attack as a lunatic scheme that would fail quickly.
將軍駁回那場攻擊，認為那是個很快就會失敗的莽撞策略。
Élise refused to invest in a lunatic business proposal that promised overnight profits.
Élise 拒絕投資一項承諾一夜致富的瘋狂商業提案。
Building a theme park on an active volcano struck the engineers as a lunatic project.
在活火山上蓋主題樂園，讓工程師們覺得是個瘋狂的專案。
The villagers called it a lunatic decision to build the dam during the rainy season.
村民們說在雨季建造水壩是個莽撞的決定。
- sensible
showing good judgement
- reasonable
based on sound thinking
用法筆記
Used almost always before a noun (attributive position), not after a linking verb. You say 'a lunatic plan', not 'the plan is lunatic'. The noun sense 1 (SILLY OR DANGEROUS PERSON) is much more common than the adjective sense.