nucleus
nucleus — 名詞
1. The tiny, positively charged core that sits at the centre of every atom, contain
原子核
原子中央由質子與中子組成的帶正電部分
The tiny, positively charged core that sits at the centre of every atom, containing closely packed protons and uncharged neutrons that together make up the bulk of the atom's weight.
Tamar's physics project explained how protons and neutrons are packed inside an atom's nucleus.
Tamar 的物理專題報告解釋了質子和中子如何緊密排列在原子核內。
collocation: packed inside the nucleus
Splitting the nucleus of a uranium atom releases a huge amount of energy.
分裂鈾原子的原子核會釋放出巨大的能量。
grammar pattern: split the nucleus of + noun
The nucleus of a hydrogen atom contains just one proton and no neutrons.
氫原子的原子核只有一個質子，沒有中子。
Antonia drew a diagram showing electrons moving around the nucleus of a lithium atom.
Antonia 畫了一張圖，顯示電子如何繞著鋰原子的原子核運動。
Almost all atomic mass sits in the nucleus, not in the orbiting electrons.
原子的質量幾乎全部集中在原子核，而非繞行的電子。
- core
Less precise; 'core' can refer to the center of any object, while 'nucleus' is specific to atoms in physics.
- electron cloud
The region around the nucleus where electrons are found.
文法句型
the nucleus of + noun
用法筆記
Plural form 'nuclei' (pronounced /ˈnjuːkliaɪ/) is common in scientific writing. The adjective 'nuclear' is used in terms such as 'nuclear physics' and 'nuclear energy'.
常見錯誤
2. The membrane-bound organelle inside eukaryotic cells that holds the genetic mate
細胞核
細胞內含 DNA 並控制生長與分裂的部分
The membrane-bound organelle inside eukaryotic cells that holds the genetic material and directs the cell's growth, reproduction, and basic functions.
Under the microscope, Jin could clearly see the round shape of the onion cell's nucleus.
在顯微鏡下，Jin 可以清楚看到洋蔥細胞核的圓形輪廓。
possessive: cell's nucleus
The nucleus of a human cell holds twenty-three pairs of chromosomes made of DNA.
人類細胞的細胞核含有二十三對由 DNA 組成的染色體。
grammar pattern: the nucleus of + noun (biology)
Before a cell divides, its nucleus first copies all the genetic material inside it.
細胞分裂之前，細胞核會先將內部的遺傳物質完整複製一份。
Ayana's biology teacher explained that the nucleus acts as the command centre of the cell.
Ayana 的生物老師解釋說，細胞核就像細胞的指揮中心。
Damage to the nucleus can prevent a cell from repairing itself or dividing properly.
細胞核受損會導致細胞無法正常修復或分裂。
- cell nucleus
Full term used when the context of 'nucleus' alone might be ambiguous between atom and cell.
- cytoplasm
The material outside the nucleus but inside the cell membrane.
文法句型
the nucleus of + noun
用法筆記
In biology, the plural 'nuclei' (/ˈnjuːkliaɪ/) is standard. Eukaryotic cells have a true nucleus enclosed by a membrane; prokaryotic cells such as bacteria do not.
常見錯誤
3. The most important people or elements within a larger organisation or system, ar
核心；中心
組織或活動中最重要的群體或部分
The most important people or elements within a larger organisation or system, around which all other parts gather or develop.
A small nucleus of parents kept the school sports programme running for over a decade.
一小群家長組成的核心團隊，讓學校體育活動持續了十年以上。
collocation: a small nucleus of + people
The old market square became the nucleus around which the modern city centre grew.
舊市場廣場成了現代市中心向外發展的核心。
grammar pattern: the nucleus around which
Hamza's team formed the creative nucleus of the advertising agency, generating the most original ideas.
Hamza 的團隊是這家廣告公司的創意核心，總能提出最有原創性的點子。
These three principles form the nucleus of the company's environmental policy.
這三項原則構成了這家公司環保政策的核心。
The club began with a nucleus of five members and grew to over two hundred.
這個社團最初只有五名核心成員，後來發展到超過兩百人。
- core
Nearly interchangeable; 'core' is slightly more common in everyday language, while 'nucleus' has a more formal or organized feel.
- heart
More emotional and less structured; 'the heart of the community' emphasises warmth, while 'nucleus' suggests a functional centre.
- hub
Emphasises activity and connection (e.g. a transport hub); 'nucleus' focuses more on essential membership.
文法句型
a nucleus of + noun (group/people/things)
the nucleus of + noun
用法筆記
Typically followed by 'of' to specify the larger entity. Common in business, politics, and community contexts. Unlike the scientific senses, this figurative sense describes an abstract or social centre rather than a physical one.
常見錯誤
4. The solid, icy central body of a comet, made up of frozen gases, dust, and rock,
彗核
彗頭中央由冰與塵埃組成的固體核心
The solid, icy central body of a comet, made up of frozen gases, dust, and rock, which heats up and releases gas and dust when it approaches the Sun.
The spacecraft sent back clear images of the comet's dark, potato-shaped nucleus.
太空探測器傳回了彗星那顆暗色馬鈴薯狀彗核的清晰影像。
possessive: comet's nucleus
Near the Sun, the comet's nucleus released gas and dust, forming a glowing coma.
彗星接近太陽時，彗核釋放出氣體和塵埃，形成發光的彗髮。
collocation: nucleus releases gas and dust
Scientists estimate that the nucleus of this comet is roughly five kilometres across.
科學家估計這顆彗星的彗核直徑約五公里。
Tariro studied data suggesting the comet's nucleus contains frozen carbon dioxide mixed with water ice.
Tariro 研究的數據顯示，這顆彗星的彗核含有冷凍二氧化碳和水冰。
文法句型
the nucleus of a comet
用法筆記
A specialised astronomy term. The plural 'nuclei' is used when referring to multiple comets. The nucleus is distinct from the coma (the cloud of gas around it) and the tail.