counter
counter — 名詞
1. a long narrow table or flat surface found in places such as shops, banks, or res
櫃檯
商店、銀行等場所的服務檯面
a long narrow table or flat surface found in places such as shops, banks, or restaurants, where customers are served or business is carried out
Baraka stood at the airport check-in counter with his passport and boarding pass.
Baraka 拿著護照和登機證，站在機場報到櫃檯前。
collocation: at the counter
The shop assistant placed the gift on the counter and wrapped it carefully in red paper.
店員將禮物放在櫃檯上，小心地用紅紙包好。
Shirin leaned on the counter and asked the receptionist whether any rooms were available.
Shirin 靠在櫃檯上，詢問接待人員還有沒有空房。
Customers who pay at the counter receive a printed receipt with their change.
在櫃檯付款的顧客會收到印有找零金額的收據。
- desk
usually a writing surface in an office, not a service point in a shop
文法句型
at the counter
behind the counter
用法筆記
Frequently paired with prepositions 'at', 'behind', or 'over' to indicate position relative to the surface. 'Behind the counter' refers to the staff area.
常見錯誤
2. a level work area built into kitchen cabinetry, used for chopping, mixing, and o
流理臺
廚房中用來備料的平整檯面
a level work area built into kitchen cabinetry, used for chopping, mixing, and other food preparation tasks
Élise rolled out the dough on the clean granite counter and cut it into circles.
Élise 在乾淨的花崗岩流理臺上擀好麵團，再切成圓形。
collocation: on the counter
Ziad wiped the kitchen counter with a damp cloth after chopping the vegetables.
Ziad 切完蔬菜後，用濕布把廚房流理臺擦乾淨。
Haruto set the hot pan down on a wooden board instead of directly on the counter.
Haruto 沒有直接把熱鍋放在流理臺上，而是先墊了一塊木板。
The counter was covered with bowls of fruit, a coffee machine, and a stack of mail.
流理臺上擺滿了水果碗、咖啡機和一疊信件。
- worktop
British English equivalent; refers to the same kitchen surface
文法句型
on the counter
用法筆記
This sense is the standard term in North American English; in British English 'worktop' or 'work surface' is more common.
3. a small round or shaped piece of plastic, wood, or metal that players push aroun
棋子；籌碼
棋盤遊戲中用來標記位置的小物件
a small round or shaped piece of plastic, wood, or metal that players push around a board to show where they are in games such as chess, backgammon, or Monopoly
Sade carefully moved her red counter three spaces forward on the board.
Sade 小心地將她的紅色棋子往棋盤前方移動了三格。
collocation: move a counter
The children counted their coloured counters at the end of each round of the game.
孩子們在每局遊戲結束後數著自己有多少顆彩色籌碼。
A single white counter remained on the board after Dario captured all the other pieces.
Dario 吃掉了其他所有棋子後，棋盤上只剩下一枚白色棋子。
Esme rolled the dice and moved her blue counter past the finish line first.
Esme 擲了骰子，將她的藍色棋子率先移過終點線。
文法句型
move a counter
counters on a board
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'piece' or 'token' — 'counter' emphasises the object used for keeping score or marking position rather than the playing piece itself. Often used in abstract strategy games.
4. a device, machine, or person that records how many times something happens or ho
計數器
記錄次數或數量的裝置或人員
a device, machine, or person that records how many times something happens or how many items there are
The electronic counter on the gym door showed that 47 people were inside.
健身房門口的電子計數器顯示有 47 人在裡面。
Hyun worked as an official vote counter during the city council election last November.
Hyun 在去年十一月的市議會選舉中擔任正式開票計票員。
person as counter
A small handheld counter helped Ada keep track of how many visitors entered the museum.
Ada 用一個小型手持計數器記錄進入博物館的訪客人數。
The factory installed a digital counter to track how many bottles came off the line each hour.
工廠安裝了一台數位計數器，用來追蹤每小時有多少瓶飲料從生產線出來。
- tally counter
a specific handheld mechanical device for counting
- teller
a person who counts votes, used in formal contexts
文法句型
a counter for [something]
electronic counter
用法筆記
When referring to a person, 'counter' is most often used in compound roles such as 'vote counter' or 'bean counter' (informal, sometimes negative).
5. in American football, a type of play where the player carrying the ball heads on
反向跑陣
美式足球中跑衛先往一側再轉向另一側的戰術
in American football, a type of play where the player carrying the ball heads one way, then switches direction suddenly to trick the defending team
The quarterback handed the ball off, and the running back executed a perfect counter to the left.
四分衛將球傳出，跑鋒完美地執行了一次向左側的反向跑陣。
collocation: execute a counter
Cyrus faked a run up the middle and then used a counter to gain fifteen yards.
Cyrus 假裝要往中路衝刺，接著利用反向跑陣推進十五碼。
The coach called a counter on third down, and the runner found a gap on the right side.
教練在第三檔喊出反向跑陣戰術，跑鋒在右側找到了一個空隙。
Defenders were caught off guard when the running back cut back on a counter play.
跑鋒在一次反向跑陣中突然轉向，防守球員完全措手不及。
- reverse
a different type of play where the ball changes direction through a handoff, not just a change of direction by the runner
文法句型
run a counter
counter play
用法筆記
Used primarily by coaches, players, and commentators. Not common in everyday conversation outside of American football contexts.
6. a retaliatory strike thrown by a boxer straight after evading or blocking the op
反擊拳
拳擊中閃躲後立即打出的還擊拳
a retaliatory strike thrown by a boxer straight after evading or blocking the opponent's punch, exploiting an opening
The boxer saw the jab coming, ducked under it, and landed a hard counter to the jaw.
拳擊手看見刺拳過來，低頭閃過，然後一記猛烈的反擊拳打中對方下顎。
collocation: land a counter
Iker's right cross was his best counter, and he practised it for hours every morning.
Iker 的右勾拳是他最拿手的反擊拳，他每天早上都練習好幾個小時。
The trainer taught the young fighter how to throw a counter immediately after slipping a punch.
教練教導年輕拳手如何在閃躲後立刻打出反擊拳。
A clean counter to the chin sent the challenger stumbling backward across the ring.
一記乾淨俐落的反擊拳正中下巴，挑戰者踉蹌後退，跌倒在擂臺上。
- counterpunch
the full term; 'counter' is a shortened form used informally
文法句型
land a counter
throw a counter
用法筆記
Almost always used in boxing commentary and training. The verb form 'counter' (to throw a counter-punch) is also common in this context.
7. in bowls, a bowl sitting nearer to the jack (the small white marker ball) than a
近目標球
草地滾球中比對手更靠近目標的球
in bowls, a bowl sitting nearer to the jack (the small white marker ball) than any bowl the other side has delivered
With her final delivery Padma placed a perfect counter just inches from the jack.
Padma 最後一擲，完美地把球送到離目標球僅幾吋的位置，成為一顆近目標球。
collocation: place a counter
After all bowls in the round were played, the team had two counters and scored three points in total.
該局所有球都擲完後，該隊擁有兩顆近目標球，總共獲得三分。
To win the match, the skip needed to draw a counter past the opponent's nearest bowl.
為了贏得比賽，隊長需要將球擲得比對手最近的那顆球更靠近目標。
The crowd cheered when the last bowl stopped rolling and turned out to be a counter.
最後一顆球停下時，觀眾歡呼起來——那是一顆近目標球。
文法句型
have a counter
lie a counter
用法筆記
This sense is specific to lawn bowls and crown green bowls. A 'counter' gives the player or team a scoring position.
counter — 動詞
1. to say or do something in response to an argument, criticism, attack, or proposa
反駁；反制
以言語或行動回應以示反對
to say or do something in response to an argument, criticism, attack, or proposal, especially in order to oppose it or reduce its effect
Christopher countered the criticism by pointing out that sales had actually risen by twenty percent.
Christopher 反駁了這項批評，指出銷售額實際上已經成長了百分之二十。
pattern: counter + noun + by + -ing
The lawyer countered that the evidence had been obtained without a proper warrant.
律師反駁說，這項證據是在沒有合法搜索票的情況下取得的。
pattern: counter + that-clause
Gabriela listened to her proposal and then countered with a more affordable alternative.
Gabriela 聽完她的提議後，提出了一個更負擔得起的替代方案。
When the prosecution presented its case, the defence team quickly countered each point with documents.
檢方提出證據時，辯方團隊立即用文件反駁了每一點。
文法句型
counter + noun phrase
counter + that-clause
counter + by + -ing
counter + with + noun
用法筆記
Common with 'with' to introduce what you offer as opposition ('countered with a question'), and with 'that'-clause for a stated rebuttal. The object is typically an argument, criticism, attack, or proposal.
常見錯誤
2. in boxing, to hit an opponent back immediately after dodging or blocking their p
反擊
拳擊中被打後立即回擊
in boxing, to hit an opponent back immediately after dodging or blocking their punch
Mathieu blocked the left hook and countered with a quick right jab to the ribs.
Mathieu 擋住了左鉤拳，接著一記快速的右刺拳反擊擊中對方的肋骨。
pattern: counter + with + noun phrase
The champion waited for his opponent to throw first and then countered with devastating accuracy.
拳王等待對手先出拳，然後以精準的動作反擊。
intransitive use
Sivan stepped inside the reach of her taller opponent and countered with a short uppercut.
Sivan 踏進身材較高的對手的攻擊範圍內，以一記短上鉤拳反擊。
After taking a hit to the shoulder, the boxer spun away and countered before the bell rang.
肩膀挨了一拳後，拳擊手轉身拉開距離，在鈴響前成功反擊。
- counterpunch
the full verb form, less common than the noun
文法句型
counter + noun
counter with + noun
用法筆記
Almost exclusive to boxing commentary and training. The noun form 'counter' (sense 6 under noun) is closely related.
counter — 形容詞
1. moving or acting in the opposite direction or having an opposite effect; used to
相反的
朝相反方向或產生相反效果的
moving or acting in the opposite direction or having an opposite effect; used to describe forces, actions, or proposals that work against something else
The government introduced counter measures to reduce the impact of rising inflation.
政府推出了反制措施，以減輕通貨膨脹持續升高的影響。
collocation: counter measures
A counter argument to that view is that renewable energy is already cheaper than coal.
反對該觀點的一個論點是，再生能源已經比煤碳更便宜了。
collocation: counter argument
The lawyer prepared a counter proposal that addressed each of the client's concerns.
律師擬了一份對案，逐一回應客戶提出的顧慮。
Environmental groups offered a counter report that challenged the factory's safety data.
環保團體提出了一份反制報告，對工廠的安全數據提出質疑。
- supporting
acting in favour of, not against
文法句型
counter + noun
用法筆記
The adjective is most often found as part of compound nouns: counter-argument, counter-measure, counter-proposal. These are sometimes written with a hyphen.
2. showing opposition or an unfriendly, resistant attitude toward someone or someth
敵對的
表現出反對或不友善態度的
showing opposition or an unfriendly, resistant attitude toward someone or something
Manager Lucas Chen's decision to cut overtime was counter to the team's spirit of cooperation.
經理 Lucas Chen 決定取消加班，此舉與團隊的合作精神背道而馳。
pattern: be counter to [something]
The board found the proposal counter to the company's long-term environmental goals.
董事會認為該提案違反了公司的長期環保目標。
Any decision that is counter to the club's rules will be rejected by the committee.
任何違反社團規定的決定都會被委員會駁回。
Publishing false information is counter to the values of honest journalism that Ilan believes in.
散布虛假資訊與 Ilan 所信奉的誠實新聞價值背道而馳。
- opposed
similar meaning but 'opposed to' is more common in everyday language
- supportive of
showing agreement or backing
文法句型
be counter to [something]
用法筆記
Typically used in the fixed phrase 'counter to [something]', meaning 'in opposition to'. More formal than 'against'.
常見錯誤
3. located on the opposite side; facing or lying directly across from something
對面的
位於另一側或相對位置的
located on the opposite side; facing or lying directly across from something
The counter side of the building gets afternoon light, while the front stays shaded.
建築物對面那一側下午有光線，而正面則處於陰影中。
collocation: counter side
From the counter bank of the river, the village looked peaceful and untouched.
從河的對岸望去，村莊顯得寧靜而純樸。
The two armies faced each other from counter hills across the wide valley.
兩支軍隊隔著寬闊山谷，在對面的山丘上彼此對峙。
Shanti stood on the counter slope and watched the sunset over the distant mountains.
Shanti 站在對面的山坡上，看著夕陽落在遠方的山巒之後。
文法句型
the counter side
用法筆記
Rare in modern English; 'opposite' is far more common for this meaning. This sense survives mainly in formal or literary descriptions of geography or architecture.
counter — 副詞
1. in a direction or manner that goes against something or someone; in opposition
相反地
以反對或違背的方式
in a direction or manner that goes against something or someone; in opposition
The new policy runs counter to everything the organisation has stood for over the past decade.
這項新政策與該組織過去十年來所主張的一切背道而馳。
pattern: run counter to [something]
Eve's decision to drop out of college went counter to her family's expectations and advice.
Eve 決定輟學，這與家人的期望和建議完全相反。
pattern: go counter to [something]
Acting counter to the doctor's instructions only made the patient's condition worse.
違反醫囑只會讓病人的病情更加惡化。
As a pacifist, Eric believed that violence runs counter to everything he stands for.
身為一個和平主義者，Eric 認為暴力與他所信仰的一切背道而馳。
- contrary to
more common; 'contrary to expectations' is a frequent use
- in line with
in agreement with
文法句型
run/go counter to [something]
用法筆記
Almost always used in the fixed phrases 'run counter to' or 'go counter to'. Cannot stand alone as a sentence adverb (*'Counter, she decided to leave').
常見錯誤
counter — 字首
1. attached to the front of a word to give it the sense of 'opposite', 'against', o
反；對立
表示相反、反對或回應的詞綴
attached to the front of a word to give it the sense of 'opposite', 'against', or 'in response to', forming new words that describe contrary or retaliatory actions
The army launched a counterattack at dawn, catching the enemy by surprise.
軍隊在黎明時發動反擊，打得敵軍措手不及。
counter- + attack = retaliatory attack
Each department in the company has a counterpart in the international branch.
公司的每個部門在國外分部都有一個對應的單位。
counter- + part = matching person/thing
Skipping meals is counterproductive if your goal is to build muscle and stay healthy.
如果你的目標是增肌並保持健康，那麼不吃飯只會適得其反。
Turn the knob counterclockwise to open the valve and let the water flow through.
逆時針轉動閥門，讓水流出來。
- pro-
prefix meaning 'in favour of' (e.g. proactive, pro-democracy)
文法句型
counter- + noun
counter- + verb
counter- + adjective
用法筆記
A productive prefix in English. Common words formed with counter- include: counterattack, counterbalance, counterclockwise, countermeasure, counterpart, counterproductive, countdown (different origin). The hyphen is often dropped in well-established compounds (counterattack, counterpart) but may be kept in newer or less frequent formations.