polish
polish — 動詞
1. to rub the surface of an object with a cloth or brush so that it becomes clean a
擦亮；磨光
用布擦拭使表面光亮
to rub the surface of an object with a cloth or brush so that it becomes clean and bright
Caleb polished his old trumpet until it shone like gold.
Caleb 把他的舊小號擦到像金子一樣閃閃發亮。
polish + object + until-clause showing result
The museum guard polished the brass railings every morning before the doors opened.
博物館警衛每天早上在開門前擦拭黃銅扶手。
Sofia's grandmother taught her how to polish silverware with a soft cloth.
Sofia 的祖母教她用軟布擦亮銀器。
Tuan spent the whole afternoon polishing the wooden floor of his new apartment.
Tuan 花了整個下午打磨新公寓的木地板。
You should polish your leather shoes before an important job interview.
你應該在重要工作面試前把皮鞋擦亮。
- tarnish
makes a metal surface lose its shine, opposite of what polishing does
文法句型
polish + object
polish + object + [prep phrase]
用法筆記
Frequently used with an object that names a hard surface (shoes, floor, silver, brass, glass). The cloth or brush is usually introduced with the preposition 'with'.
常見錯誤
polish — 名詞
1. the action of rubbing the surface of something to clean it and make it shine
擦拭；磨亮
擦亮物品表面的動作
the action of rubbing the surface of something to clean it and make it shine
The old silver teapot needed a good polish before the dinner party.
那把老舊的銀茶壺在晚宴前需要好好擦拭一番。
need + a + polish
Minho gave his motorcycle a quick polish before the weekend ride.
Minho 在週末騎車前迅速把摩托車擦亮。
give + object + a polish
Every month, a thorough polish keeps the oak dining table looking like new.
每個月徹底擦拭一次，能讓橡木餐桌保持煥然一新。
The kitchen floor could really use a polish after all the cooking today.
今天煮完飯後，廚房地板真的很需要擦一擦。
Christopher gave his boots a quick polish before going out in the rain.
Christopher 在下雨出門前迅速把靴子擦亮。
文法句型
give + object + a polish
need + a polish
用法筆記
This sense is almost always used in the singular with an indefinite article: 'a polish'. Common verbs that introduce it are 'give', 'need', and 'have'.
2. a cream, liquid, or powder used to clean and shine the surface of an object
亮光劑
清潔和使表面光亮的產品
a cream, liquid, or powder used to clean and shine the surface of an object
Hamza bought a tin of shoe polish from the corner shop.
Hamza 在轉角的商店買了一罐鞋油。
shoe polish / furniture polish / silver polish
This furniture polish leaves a pleasant smell of lemon in the room.
這種傢俱亮光劑會在房間裡留下淡淡的檸檬香味。
Lin found a good silver polish at the hardware store for cleaning old candlesticks.
Lin 在五金行找到一款好用的銀器擦光劑來清潔舊燭臺。
Talia rubbed a small amount of polish onto the wooden cabinet door.
Talia 把少許亮光劑塗在木製櫥櫃門上。
The department store sells a special polish for marble and stone surfaces.
這家百貨公司販售一種專用於大理石和石材表面的亮光劑。
文法句型
[noun modifier] + polish
用法筆記
Commonly preceded by a noun that names what it is used on: shoe polish, furniture polish, silver polish, floor polish. Countable when referring to a specific type or brand; uncountable when speaking generally.
常見錯誤
3. the quality of careful, skillful work that shows great attention to detail, espe
精湛；細膩
創作中展現的精湛水準
the quality of careful, skillful work that shows great attention to detail, especially in creative tasks such as writing or music
Élise admired the polish of the short story her brother wrote for his writing class.
Élise 很欣賞她弟弟為創作課寫的那篇短篇小說的精緻筆觸。
the polish of + [creative work]
The film lacks the polish of the director's earlier work but is still entertaining.
這部電影雖然不如導演前作精緻，但仍然很好看。
lack + polish / show + polish
Tariro's speech had real polish — every sentence was clear and well-chosen.
Tariro 的演講確實相當精煉——每句話都清晰且恰到好處。
The young pianist from a small village played with polish that surprised the experienced judges.
那位來自小村莊的年輕鋼琴家以純熟技巧演奏，令經驗豐富的評審為之驚豔。
The editor helped the writer add some polish to the final draft of the novel.
編輯協助那位作家在小說最終稿中加入了一些潤飾。
- refinement
similar but implies sophisticated taste and education, not just technical skill
- elegance
focuses on grace and style rather than careful attention to detail
- finesse
implies delicate, subtle handling of a difficult task
文法句型
lack + polish
add + polish
show + polish
用法筆記
Uncountable — always used with singular verbs and no article. Often paired with 'lack' or 'add': 'Her writing lacks polish'; 'A good editor adds polish'.
常見錯誤
polish — 名詞
1. the language spoken by people from Poland
波蘭語
波蘭人使用的語言
the language spoken by people from Poland
Arjun has been learning Polish for two years because his wife comes from Warsaw.
Arjun 學波蘭語已經兩年了，因為他的妻子來自華沙。
learn + language: learn Polish / study Polish
The signs at the airport were written in both English and Polish.
機場的標示同時以英文和波蘭語書寫。
in + language: in Polish / in English
Tomás could understand a little Polish but could not speak it fluently.
Tomás 聽得懂一點波蘭語，但無法流利地說。
The museum offered audio guides in Polish, German, and French.
博物館提供波蘭語、德語和法語的語音導覽。
Hari read a Polish novel translated into English for his book club.
Hari 為了他的讀書會讀了一本從波蘭語翻譯成英文的小說。
文法句型
in + Polish
speak + Polish
用法筆記
Capitalised — always written with a capital P when referring to the language. Compare with 'polish' (lowercase) which means to make something shine.
常見錯誤
polish — 形容詞
1. belonging to or coming from Poland, or relating to its people, culture, or langu
波蘭的
與波蘭、其人民或文化有關的
belonging to or coming from Poland, or relating to its people, culture, or language
The Polish bakery on the corner sells the best apple cake in town.
轉角那家波蘭麵包店賣的蘋果派是鎮上最好吃的。
Polish + noun for origin/culture
A Polish film won the top award at this year's international festival.
一部波蘭電影在今年國際影展上贏得了最大獎。
The chef from Warsaw taught us her family's traditional Polish dumpling recipe.
來自華沙的廚師教我們她家傳的傳統波蘭餃子食譜。
A group of Polish exchange students stayed with a host family in Chicago last summer.
去年夏天，一群波蘭交換學生住在芝加哥的寄宿家庭。
At the festival the market sold pierogi, a classic Polish dumpling with various fillings.
在節慶市集上，攤位賣波蘭餃子，這是一種內餡多變的經典波蘭料理。
文法句型
Polish + noun
用法筆記
Always capitalised. Capital P distinguishes this adjective from the verb 'polish' (to make something shine). This adjective has no comparative or superlative form — there is no 'more Polish' or 'most Polish'.