predicate
predicate — 名詞
1. in grammar, the verb-centered part that tells us what the subject does, is, or b
謂語
句中說明主詞的部分
in grammar, the verb-centered part that tells us what the subject does, is, or becomes.
In 'Lena laughed loudly', 'laughed loudly' is the predicate.
在「Lena laughed loudly」這句裡，laughed loudly 是謂語。
basic subject + predicate split
Mr Wu asked the class to circle each predicate in blue.
Mr Wu 要全班用藍筆圈出每個謂語。
classroom instruction with countable noun
In Tuesday's worksheet, 'fell last night' works as the predicate.
在週二的講義裡，fell last night 這一段可當作謂語。
While editing Maya's essay, Mr Wu underlined the long predicate in green.
批改 Maya 的作文時，Mr Wu 用綠筆畫出了那個很長的謂語。
- verb phrase
often similar in simple sentence analysis, but not always identical in every grammar system
- predication
more abstract term for the relationship or structure, not the classroom label
- subject
the person or thing the sentence is about
用法筆記
Often paired with 'subject' in grammar teaching. A predicate may be only a verb, or it may also include objects, complements, and adverbials after the verb.
常見錯誤
2. in logic, the word or term that says what quality, kind, or relation a subject h
謂詞
命題中說明主詞性質或關係的詞項
in logic, the word or term that says what quality, kind, or relation a subject has.
In 'All roses are flowers', 'flowers' is the predicate.
在「All roses are flowers」裡，flowers 是謂詞。
predicate in a simple proposition
During logic class, Professor Lin drew circles for the subject and predicate.
在邏輯課上，Lin 教授畫了圓圈來表示主詞與謂詞。
subject and predicate as paired logic terms
At the zoo, Eva used 'is striped' as the predicate.
在動物園裡，Eva 用 is striped 當作謂詞。
On page ten, the logic book shows how each predicate marks a property.
在第十頁，那本邏輯書示範每個謂詞如何標示性質。
- subject
the thing the predicate is said about
用法筆記
Common in logic and philosophy, not ordinary school grammar. Distinguish from noun sense 1, where the term means the verb-centered part of a sentence.
常見錯誤
predicate — 動詞
1. to state formally that a fact, quality, or judgment is true of someone or someth
斷言
正式說某性質或判斷屬於某人事物
to state formally that a fact, quality, or judgment is true of someone or something.
The legal brief predicates negligence of the driver after listing the facts.
那份法律意見書在列出事實後，斷言駕駛有疏失。
predicate + noun + of
In the essay, the philosopher predicates moral worth of every child.
在文章裡，那位哲學家斷言每個孩子都有道德價值。
The report predicates blame of the manager, not the kitchen staff.
那份報告斷言該負責的是經理，不是廚房員工。
After the vote, the review predicates selfish motives of the mayor.
投票結束後，那篇評論斷言市長動機自私。
- deny
states that something is not true
文法句型
predicate sth of sb/sth
predicate that-clause
用法筆記
Usually formal and often found in philosophy, law, and close analysis of texts. Common patterns are 'predicate X of Y' and, less often, 'predicate that ...'.
常見錯誤
2. when a plan, claim, or system is predicated on a fact or idea, that fact or idea
建立在
以某事為前提或基礎
when a plan, claim, or system is predicated on a fact or idea, that fact or idea is the support it relies on.
The town budget is predicated on stable rice prices this summer.
這份鎮上預算是建立在今年夏天米價穩定的前提上。
passive: be predicated on
Her whole plan was predicated on Daniel arriving before noon.
她整套計畫是建立在 Daniel 中午前會到的前提上。
At Lakeside School, the rule is predicated upon trust between teachers and students.
在 Lakeside School，這條規定是建立在師生互信之上。
The radio argument is predicated on one false idea about vaccines.
那段廣播裡的論點是建立在一個關於疫苗的錯誤想法上。
文法句型
be predicated on sth
be predicated upon sth
用法筆記
Almost always passive, followed by 'on' or 'upon'. The subject is usually an idea, plan, rule, argument, or system rather than a person.
3. to use a word or term to state a quality, class, or relation of a subject.
設為謂語
在命題中把某詞用來說明主詞
to use a word or term to state a quality, class, or relation of a subject.
In the diagram, Ms Chen predicates 'doctor' of 'Amy'.
在圖解裡，Ms Chen 把 doctor 設為 Amy 的謂語。
predicate + term + of + subject
The workbook asks students to predicate 'red' of each apple.
這本習作要學生把 red 設為每顆蘋果的謂語。
In chapter one, the logicians predicate 'mortal' of 'Socrates' first.
在第一章裡，那些邏輯學家先把 mortal 設為 Socrates 的謂語。
The teacher predicated 'late' of Ben after reading the sentence.
老師讀完句子後，把 late 設為 Ben 的謂語。
文法句型
predicate sth of sb/sth
用法筆記
Restricted to grammar and logic discussion. The object is usually a quoted word or term, followed by 'of' plus the subject term.
predicate — 形容詞
1. used for a word or phrase that comes after a linking verb and completes its mean
表語的
指連綴動詞後補足意思的
used for a word or phrase that comes after a linking verb and completes its meaning.
In 'The soup smells good', 'good' is a predicate adjective.
在「The soup smells good」裡，good 是表語形容詞。
predicate adjective after linking verb
In 'The bags were ready', Ms Rao marked 'ready' as a predicate adjective.
在「The bags were ready」裡，Ms Rao 把 ready 標成表語形容詞。
In 'The kids are at school', the chart calls 'at school' a predicate phrase.
在「The kids are at school」裡，那張圖表把 at school 稱作表語詞組。
On the board, Ms Rao labeled 'quiet' a predicate adjective.
Ms Rao 在黑板上把 quiet 標成表語形容詞。
- predicative
the more common linguistics adjective for this idea
- complement
broader grammatical term; not every complement is specifically predicate
- attributive
describes words placed directly before a noun
用法筆記
Usually appears before another noun in grammar labels such as 'predicate adjective' or 'predicate complement'. Distinguish from noun sense 1, which names the whole sentence part rather than a single completing word or phrase.