presumably
presumably — 副詞
1. used when you mention something that seems very likely true or correct, because
想必；推測
根據已知情況推斷很可能如此
used when you mention something that seems very likely true or correct, because it follows naturally from the information or facts you already have.
Vivek missed the morning bus, so he will presumably arrive late for the meeting.
Vivek 錯過了早班公車，想必會晚到會議。
presumably + statement (conclusion from evidence)
The library was closed when Mizuki reached it, presumably for the national holiday.
Mizuki 到的時候圖書館沒開，推測是國定假日的緣故。
Andrew wrapped the glass bowls carefully, presumably to protect them during the move.
Andrew 小心地把玻璃碗包好，想必是為了在搬運時保護它們。
The train delay was presumably caused by the heavy snow that fell last night.
火車延誤推測是昨晚的大雪造成的。
Nikhil has not replied to the message — he is presumably busy with work.
Nikhil 沒有回覆訊息——想必是忙於工作。
- probably
more general — expresses likelihood without the strong implication of logical reasoning from evidence
- apparently
based on what seems true from observation, but may be misleading; less confident in the reasoning
- doubtless
more emphatic and formal; suggests near-certainty with little room for doubt
- assumedly
less common and more formal; focuses on the act of assuming rather than the reasonableness of the conclusion
文法句型
presumably + [statement / clause]
presumably + [adjective phrase]
presumably + [past participle]
用法筆記
Unlike probably, presumably indicates that the speaker is drawing a conclusion from specific evidence or reasoning, not expressing a general likelihood. It can appear at the start of a sentence, before the main verb, or before a phrase giving a reason.