proceedings

IPA/prəˈsiː.dɪŋz/
KK[prosˈidɪŋz]IPA/proʊˈsiː.dɪŋz/

proceedings — 名詞

1. the formal events that take place, one after another, during a conference, cerem

1.名詞B2
釋義

程序

正式場合中依序進行的各項活動

the formal events that take place, one after another, during a conference, ceremony, or other organised gathering

例句

Kabir arrived late and missed the opening proceedings of the award ceremony.

Kabir 遲到了，錯過了頒獎典禮的開幕程序。

collocation: opening proceedings

The climate summit proceedings began with a keynote by Dr. Adisa Okonkwo on vaccine research.

氣候高峰會的程序以 Adisa Okonkwo 博士關於疫苗研究的主題演講揭開序幕。

同義詞
  • events

    more general; lacks the formal, organised feel of proceedings

  • ceremony

    only for ritual occasions; proceedings covers a wider range of formal gatherings

  • programme

    refers to the printed schedule, not the events themselves

文法句型

the proceedings of [event]

proceedings at [event]

proceedings begin/continue/end

用法筆記

Refers to the events themselves — the speeches, rituals, and activities — not just the printed schedule. Always plural in this sense.

常見錯誤

❌The proceeding started at nine o'clock.
✅The proceedings started at nine o'clock.
💡this sense is always plural; the singular 'proceeding' refers to a single step in a legal case.

2. the full written account of everything discussed, agreed upon, or carried out at

2.名詞C1
釋義

會議紀錄

會議發言與決議的正式書面記載

the full written account of everything discussed, agreed upon, or carried out at an official meeting, published afterwards as a permanent document

例句

The disciplinary committee's proceedings were printed and distributed to every faculty member the following week.

紀律委員會的會議紀錄在下週印好並分發給每位教職員。

passive: proceedings were printed

Ingrid checked the proceedings of the last board meeting before preparing her report.

Ingrid 在準備報告之前，查閱了上次董事會會議的紀錄。

同義詞
  • minutes

    a briefer summary of decisions; proceedings are typically more detailed and verbatim

  • transcript

    a word-for-word record of speech only; proceedings also include motions, decisions, and written submissions

  • record

    more general; proceedings implies an official, published document

文法句型

the proceedings of [meeting/conference]

published proceedings

proceedings are printed/issued

用法筆記

Always plural. Often refers to the published minutes of academic societies, professional bodies, and committees. Distinguished from 'minutes' by being a fuller, often verbatim record.

常見錯誤

❌I read the proceeding of the meeting.
✅I read the proceedings of the meeting.
💡never singular when referring to the written record.

3. the series of steps, hearings, and legal processes that form a case being dealt

3.名詞B2
釋義

訴訟

法院審理案件的法律程序

the series of steps, hearings, and legal processes that form a case being dealt with by a court of law or an official body

例句

Trang and Ezra's divorce proceedings took nearly two years because they could not agree on custody of their daughter.

Trang 和 Ezra 的離婚訴訟耗時將近兩年，因為他們無法就女兒的監護權達成共識。

collocation: divorce proceedings

The judge warned that proceedings would continue even if the defendant refused to appear.

法官警告說，即使被告拒絕出庭，訴訟仍會繼續進行。

同義詞
  • litigation

    more formal; emphasises the process of taking a dispute through the courts

  • lawsuit

    refers specifically to the legal claim filed, not the entire court process that follows

  • trial

    only the hearing stage where evidence is presented; proceedings covers the whole case from filing to judgment

  • action

    the broadest legal term for any matter brought before a court

文法句型

proceedings against [someone]

proceedings for [offence/claim]

institute/commence/file proceedings

proceedings are ongoing/concluded

用法筆記

Always plural. Common collocates include divorce, bankruptcy, criminal, disciplinary, and extradition. The singular 'proceeding' can refer to a single step or hearing within a larger case.

常見錯誤

❌The company started legal proceeding against the supplier.
✅The company started legal proceedings against the supplier.
💡this sense almost always uses the plural form.