racism
racism — 名詞
1. a system of practices, rules, or social structures within a society that give so
制度歧視
社會制度造成的種族不平等
a system of practices, rules, or social structures within a society that give some racial groups lasting advantages while treating other groups unfairly or causing them harm
Faisal wrote a detailed report about racism in the city's housing system.
Faisal 寫了一份關於城市住宅體系中制度歧視的詳細報告。
uncountable noun: racism in + [institution/area]
The manager learned how racism affects hiring during the training session.
這位經理在培訓中了解到制度歧視如何影響招聘流程。
passive: how racism affects [process]
Racism in the school system was the main topic of the student protest.
學校制度中的制度歧視是學生抗議活動的主要議題。
Researchers found clear patterns of racism in the way hospitals admit patients.
研究人員發現醫院收治病人的方式中存在明顯的制度歧視模式。
The newspaper's series on racism in banking earned a national journalism award.
該報關於銀行業制度歧視的系列報導獲得了一項全國新聞獎。
- racial discrimination
focuses on specific acts and unequal treatment rather than the underlying system
- racial injustice
emphasises the unfair outcomes produced by racist systems
- systemic oppression
stronger term that stresses active domination of one group by another
- racial equality
a state where race does not determine access to opportunities or fair treatment
- racial justice
active efforts to dismantle racist systems and create fairness
用法筆記
Frequently modified by adjectives such as 'institutional', 'systemic', or 'structural' to describe racism embedded in organisations or broader society rather than individual actions.
常見錯誤
2. the idea that humanity can be sorted into separate racial groups and that certai
種族優越歧視
認為某些種族天生優越的偏見
the idea that humanity can be sorted into separate racial groups and that certain groups are innately better than others, together with the harmful speech, mindsets, and behaviours that stem from this idea
Selim felt hurt by the racism expressed openly at a family dinner.
Selim 因為在家庭聚餐上公開表達的種族優越言論而感到受傷。
verb pattern: feel / face / experience racism
In history class, Ms. Apinya showed the students how racism spread through false claims about intelligence.
在歷史課上，Ms. Apinya 向學生說明種族優越歧視如何透過對智力的錯誤宣傳來擴散。
Rachel decided to speak up when she noticed racism among her new coworkers.
Rachel 發現新同事之間存在種族優越心態後，決定直言不諱。
Iker's grandparents had faced racism when they first arrived in the country.
Iker 的祖父母剛到這個國家時，曾經遭受過種族優越歧視。
After a racist incident at the local market, residents started meeting weekly to talk about racism in their community.
當地市場發生種族歧視事件後，居民開始每週聚會討論社區中的種族優越歧視問題。
- racial prejudice
emphasises prejudging based on race, often at the individual level
- racial bias
broader term that can include unconscious or unintentional preferences
- racial stereotyping
the act of applying generalised — often false — traits to an entire racial group
- racial equality
the principle that all races deserve the same rights and respect
- racial harmony
a state of peaceful and respectful coexistence among racial groups
用法筆記
This sense covers both openly expressed beliefs and unconscious prejudice. Distinguish from sense 1 (SYSTEMIC INJUSTICE), which focuses on societal structures and institutional practices rather than personal beliefs.