related
related — 形容詞
1. When two or more things are related, a link exists between them — for example, o
相關的
兩者之間存在關聯的
When two or more things are related, a link exists between them — for example, one event causes another, they belong to the same subject area, or they share noticeable characteristics.
The police found the two burglaries were related — both happened in the same neighbourhood on a Tuesday night.
警方發現這兩起竊案是相關的——兩件都發生在同一個社區的星期二晚上。
two [nouns] were related: stating a connection between events
Astrid asked whether her headache was related to the long hours at her computer.
Astrid 問她的頭痛是不是跟她長時間坐在電腦前有關。
related to [cause]: showing a link to a source
Ryo and his team discussed several related topics, from marketing to product design.
Ryo 和他的團隊在會議上討論了幾個相關的主題，從行銷到產品設計都有。
Sea levels are directly related to the warming of the planet over the past century.
海平面與過去一個世紀以來地球暖化有直接的關聯。
Vikram could not see how the holiday question was related to the maths problem.
Vikram 搞不懂為什麼放假的事會跟黑板上的數學問題有關。
- connected
More general and neutral; 'connected' can refer to physical links, while 'related' tends to be abstract.
- linked
Suggests a stronger, more direct tie than 'related'; often used for cause-and-effect chains.
- associated
Implies a looser or more indirect connection; common in formal and academic writing.
- unrelated
Direct opposite — no connection exists.
文法句型
A + be + related + to + B
A + and + B + be + related
用法筆記
Frequently used in the pattern 'A is related to B'. When two items form the subject, the pattern 'A and B are related' is also common. Adverbs such as 'directly', 'closely', or 'loosely' indicate the strength of the connection.
常見錯誤
2. Two or more people who are related share a family bond — for example, they might
有親屬關係
屬於同一家族或有血緣連結的
Two or more people who are related share a family bond — for example, they might be siblings, cousins, or connected through a parent or grandparent.
Sirin and Dahlia did not know they were related until their grandmother showed them an old photo.
Sirin 和 Dahlia 原本不知道她們有親戚關係，直到祖母給她們看了一張老照片。
be + related: stating a family connection
Ilan is related to the shopkeeper through his mother's side of the family.
Ilan 跟那家店的老闆有親戚關係，是他母親那邊的親戚。
related to [person] through [someone]: specifying how the connection runs
Hassan asked whether being related to a classmate meant they would be in the same group.
Hassan 問老師，如果他和某個同學有親戚關係，是不是就會被分到同一組。
Baraka discovered she was distantly related to a musician when she researched her family history.
Baraka 在研究家族歷史時，發現自己跟一位音樂家是遠房親戚。
The two women look so similar that strangers think they are related, but they are just old friends.
那兩位女士長得很像，常被陌生人以為是親戚，但她們其實只是老朋友。
- kin
Old-fashioned or formal; 'kin' is used mostly in historical or legal contexts.
- blood-related
Emphasises a biological connection as opposed to connection by marriage.
- unrelated
No family tie between the people.
文法句型
A + be + related + to + B
A + and + B + be + related
用法筆記
Primarily predicative — appears after the verb 'be'. Can be modified by 'closely' (for immediate family), 'distantly' or 'remotely' (for non-immediate family). Do not use 'relative' as an adjective here (e.g., 'She is relative to me' is incorrect).
常見錯誤
3. If two species of animal or plant are related, they developed from the same earl
同源的
來自共同祖先物種的
If two species of animal or plant are related, they developed from the same earlier species over a very long time and share many physical features as a result.
Birds are more closely related to dinosaurs than to any other living group, biologists believe.
生物學家認為，鳥類與恐龍的親緣關係比牠們跟任何其他現存生物都更近。
closely related to [species]: indicating an evolutionary link
The red panda is related to the giant panda, but the two belong to different biological families.
小熊貓和大貓熊有親緣關係，但兩者屬於不同的生物科。
Renata studied how wheat is related to wild grasses that grow across the Middle East.
Renata 研究小麥與中東地區野生禾本科植物之間的親緣關係。
Dolphins are more closely related to cows than to most fish, even though they live in the ocean.
海豚跟牛的親緣關係比跟大多數魚類更近，即使牠們生活在海裡。
Botanists classify this flower as related to the rose family because of its petal shape.
植物學家根據花瓣形狀，把這種花歸類為薔薇科的近緣物種。
- akin
More formal and less common; 'akin' can also be used metaphorically for non-biological similarity.
- unrelated
In a biological context, 'unrelated' means no recent common ancestor.
文法句型
A + be + (closely/distantly) + related + to + B
用法筆記
Most common in scientific descriptions of evolution and biological classification. 'Closely related' means the two species share a recent common ancestor; 'distantly related' means their common ancestor lived much further back in time.