rod
rod — 名詞
1. a thin, straight length of a hard material, for example wood or metal, that has
桿；棒
細長的金屬或木製條棒
a thin, straight length of a hard material, for example wood or metal, that has been made for a particular use such as hanging a curtain, catching fish, or giving support to plants.
Wei held the fishing rod steady as a large trout pulled on the line.
Wei 緊緊握住釣魚竿，一隻大鱒魚正在拉扯釣線。
fishing rod — common compound noun
The metal curtain rod was too long, so Reema cut it to fit the window.
金屬窗簾桿太長了，所以 Reema 把它鋸短以符合窗戶的寬度。
curtain rod — compound noun for household item
A thin steel rod connects the pedals to the back wheel of the bicycle.
一根細鋼棒連接腳踏車的踏板和後輪。
The gardener pushed a wooden rod into the soil to support the tomato plant.
園丁把一根木棒插入土中，用來支撐番茄植株。
After the storm, Maeve found a broken rod from the fence lying in the garden.
暴風雨過後，Maeve 發現一根斷裂的柵欄桿掉在花園裡。
- pole
generally thicker and longer than a rod; used for supporting structures (tent pole, flagpole)
- bar
shorter and thicker than a rod; often made of metal and used in machinery or as a barrier (steel bar, curtain bar)
- stick
a more general term for a piece of wood from a tree, less regular in shape and less finished than a rod
2. one of the two types of light-sensitive cells found in the retina, near the rear
視桿細胞
視網膜上對弱光敏感的感光細胞
one of the two types of light-sensitive cells found in the retina, near the rear wall of the eyeball. Rods allow you to see in low light but cannot tell colours apart.
Rods are far more sensitive to light than cones, which detect colour.
視桿細胞對光線的敏感度遠高於偵測顏色的視錐細胞。
rods vs cones — the two types of photoreceptor cells
When Ari walks into a dark room, her rod cells slowly help her eyes adjust.
Ari 走進黑暗的房間時，她的視桿細胞會慢慢幫助眼睛適應。
rod cells — compound noun in biology
The human retina contains about 120 million rods and roughly 6 million cones.
人類視網膜含有大約一億兩千萬個視桿細胞和大約六百萬個視錐細胞。
Nocturnal animals usually have far more rods than humans do.
夜行性動物的視桿細胞數量通常遠多於人類。
- cone
the other type of photoreceptor cell in the retina, responsible for colour vision in bright light
用法筆記
Usually used in the plural (rods). Rods are frequently contrasted with cones, the other photoreceptor type, which detect colour and work best in bright light.
3. a traditional unit of length equal to 5.03 metres (16.5 feet), used mainly in ol
丈量竿
約5.03公尺的傳統長度單位
a traditional unit of length equal to 5.03 metres (16.5 feet), used mainly in older land measurement. A square rod equals roughly 25.3 square metres.
The farmer's field measured forty rods from the barn to the river.
那位農夫的土地從穀倉到河邊長達四十竿。
rod as a historical unit of land measurement
Old property records listed the land as twelve rods wide and thirty rods long.
舊的地籍資料記載那塊土地寬十二竿、長三十竿。
Nineteenth-century surveyors used a rod, also called a pole or perch, to measure fields.
十九世紀的測量員常用竿（也稱作 pole 或 perch）來丈量土地。
The surveyor told Yusuf that his garden plot measured one square rod, roughly twenty-five square metres.
測量員告訴 Yusuf，他的花園土地面積剛好是一平方竿，約二十五平方公尺。
用法筆記
This unit is now rare outside of historical documents and old property deeds. One rod equals 5.5 yards (16.5 feet). It is also known as a 'pole' or a 'perch'.
4. a crude and very offensive way to refer to a man's sexual organ. This term must
陰莖（粗話）
極為粗俗的陰莖用語
a crude and very offensive way to refer to a man's sexual organ. This term must be avoided in all polite, professional, and formal settings.
A character in the novel uses rod as crude slang for the penis.
小說中的一個角色用 rod 作為陰莖的粗俗說法。
extremely offensive vulgar slang — never use in polite contexts
Older players in the locker room made vulgar jokes using the word rod.
更衣室裡的年長球員用 rod 開了粗俗的玩笑。
Kevin was suspended for shouting a crude slang word for a man's private parts at the referee.
Kevin 因為對著裁判喊了一個粗俗的男性生殖器官用語而被學校停學。
Teachers warn students that rod is a vulgar word not for classroom use.
老師告誡學生 rod 是粗俗的字眼，不該在課堂上使用。
用法筆記
⚠️ STRONG WARNING: This is a highly offensive vulgar term. It is listed here only for recognition purposes. Learners should never use this word in conversation, writing, or any public setting. Even informal use can cause serious offence.
5. a thin stick or cane used in the past to hit someone, especially a child at scho
懲戒棒
過去用以責打懲罰人的細棍
a thin stick or cane used in the past to hit someone, especially a child at school or a prisoner, as a formal punishment.
The headmaster struck disobedient boys with a wooden rod in the old school.
在舊時的學校裡，校長用木製懲戒棒打不聽話的男生。
rod as an instrument of corporal punishment
After years of debate, use of the rod in schools was banned across the country.
經過多年辯論，學校中使用懲戒棒的做法在全國被禁止了。
Historical records describe guards using a rod to punish minor offences in nineteenth-century prisons.
歷史記載描述十九世紀的監獄中，警衛用懲戒棒處罰輕微違規。
The proverb spare the rod and spoil the child reflects older beliefs about discipline.
俗話說「省了棍子，寵壞孩子」，反映了過去對紀律的觀念。
用法筆記
This sense is now largely historical in most countries, where corporal punishment in schools and prisons has been banned. The proverb 'spare the rod, spoil the child' comes from the Bible and reflects older views on child discipline.