scald
scald — 動詞
- scaldpresent simple I / you / we / they
- scaldshe / she / it
- scaldedpast simple
- scalding-ing form
1. to damage skin or flesh by exposing it to boiling water or hot vapour, resulting
燙到
皮膚接觸滾燙液體或蒸氣受傷
to damage skin or flesh by exposing it to boiling water or hot vapour, resulting in redness, pain, and often blisters.
Eitan scalded his forearm when the saucepan of boiling water slipped from his hands.
Eitan 手上的一鍋滾水滑落，燙傷了他的前臂。
scald + body part (forearm) + cause (boiling water)
The nurse told Ingrid not to let the steam scald her face while she opened the pressure cooker.
護士提醒 Ingrid 打開壓力鍋時要小心，別讓蒸氣燙到臉。
passive warning: let steam scald + body part
Kemi scalded her tongue by sipping soup that had just come off the stove.
Kemi 喝了一口剛從爐子上端下來的湯，燙到了舌頭。
Be careful with that kettle — toddlers can easily scald their hands if they pull the cord.
使用熱水壺時要小心——幼兒若拉扯電線，很容易燙到手。
文法句型
scald + body part
be scalded by + liquid/steam
用法筆記
Often used with a specific body part as the object (hand, arm, tongue, face). The passive form is common: 'be scalded by steam / boiling water'.
常見錯誤
2. to make an object hygienic by placing it into extremely hot water or vapour so t
燙洗消毒
用沸水徹底清潔物品
to make an object hygienic by placing it into extremely hot water or vapour so that germs are destroyed.
The chef scalded the chopping boards before slicing the raw fish.
主廚在切生魚片之前，先用滾水燙洗了砧板。
scald + kitchen utensil for hygiene
Before making jam, Jiwoo scalded the glass jars in a large pot of boiling water.
Jiwoo 在做果醬前，先用一大鍋滾水燙洗了玻璃罐。
scald + glass jars for preserving food
In the laboratory, Tuan scalded the tweezers in steam before handling the tissue samples.
在實驗室裡，Tuan 在處理組織樣本前先用蒸汽燙洗了鑷子。
Midwives used to scald their instruments in a pot of boiling water before delivering babies.
過去助產士在接生前，會先用一鍋滾水燙洗器具。
文法句型
scald + object + with + boiling water
用法筆記
Common in food preservation, brewing, and medical contexts. Unlike sense 1, the object here is a utensil or container, not a person.
常見錯誤
3. to warm a drink or fluid such as milk until it is nearly at boiling point but be
加熱
將液體加熱至即將沸騰
to warm a drink or fluid such as milk until it is nearly at boiling point but before bubbles start to form.
Walid scalded the milk for the custard, watching carefully so it would not boil over.
Walid 在爐子上加熱牛奶做卡士達醬，小心看著不讓它滾出來。
scald + milk for cooking
The recipe says to scald the cream before pouring it over the chocolate pieces.
食譜上說要先把鮮奶油加熱到快要沸騰，再倒到巧克力上。
recipe instruction: scald + cream
Allison scalded water in the kettle and let it cool before steeping the green tea leaves.
Allison 將壺中的水加熱後稍微放涼，再用來沖泡綠茶。
The barista scalded the oat milk for the latte before pouring it into the espresso.
咖啡師將燕麥奶加熱到快要沸騰後，才倒入濃縮咖啡中做成拿鐵。
文法句型
scald + liquid (milk, cream, water)
用法筆記
Used almost exclusively for cooking and beverage preparation. The key difference from 'boil' is that scalding stops before bubbles form. Milk is the most common object of this sense.
常見錯誤
scald — 名詞
- scaldsingular
- scaldsplural
1. a painful wound on a person's body that happens when very hot water or vapour to
燙傷
滾燙液體或蒸氣造成的皮膚損傷
a painful wound on a person's body that happens when very hot water or vapour touches the flesh, turning the area red and often raising blisters.
The doctor examined the scald on Liam's forearm and prescribed a cooling burn cream.
醫生檢查了 Liam 前臂上的燙傷，開了一條降溫燙傷藥膏。
treat / examine a scald
A deep scald on the palm can take weeks to heal and may leave a scar.
手掌上如果出現深度燙傷，可能需要好幾週才能痊癒，而且可能留下明顯傷疤。
deep / minor scald + healing time
The first-aid poster said to run cold water over a scald for at least twenty minutes.
急救海報上寫著，燙傷後要用冷水沖至少二十分鐘。
A cold compress helped ease the stinging pain of the scald on Ayesha's leg.
冷敷有助於減輕 Ayesha 腿上燙傷的刺痛感。
- burn
any heat injury; scald specifies liquid/steam cause
文法句型
a + adjective + scald
suffer / get / treat a scald
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'burn': a scald is specifically caused by hot liquid or steam, whereas a burn can come from fire, hot metal, sunlight, or chemicals.
常見錯誤
2. an unhealthy condition affecting plants where leaves or fruit turn brown and app
灼傷病
葉片或果實出現褐色乾斑的植物病害
an unhealthy condition affecting plants where leaves or fruit turn brown and appear dried out, commonly resulting from intense sun exposure, bacterial infection, or poor air quality.
The apple orchard lost a third of its crop to sun scald after the heatwave.
那處蘋果園在熱浪過後，有三分之一的果實因日灼病而報銷。
sun scald — caused by excessive sunlight
Esme noticed brown patches on the tomato leaves and identified the problem as bacterial scald.
Esme 注意到番茄葉子上出現了褐色斑點，判斷是細菌性灼傷病。
bacterial scald — caused by bacteria
Gardeners can prevent sun scald on young trees by wrapping the trunks with white paper.
園丁可以在幼樹的樹幹上包白色紙張，預防日灼病。
A severe case of bacterial scald wiped out half of Caio's pepper plants in just one week.
一次嚴重的細菌性灼傷病在一週內就毀掉了 Caio 一半的辣椒植株。
文法句型
[crop] suffers from scald
bacterial / sun scald
用法筆記
Often preceded by a cause word such as 'sun', 'bacterial', or 'tip' (as in 'tip scald' on leaves). Not infectious between plants in the same way a virus would be.
常見錯誤
3. the process of cleaning an object by putting it in boiling water, or the process
燙洗；加熱
用沸水清潔物品或加熱液體的過程
the process of cleaning an object by putting it in boiling water, or the process of heating a liquid until it is almost boiling.
A thorough scald of the milk removes any harmful bacteria while keeping the flavour intact.
將牛奶徹底加熱可以殺死有害細菌，同時保持風味不被破壞。
the scald of + milk
Christopher timed the scald of the teapot carefully to make sure it was fully sterilised.
Christopher 仔細計算了茶壺的燙洗時間，確保完全消毒。
the scald of + utensil (for sterilisation)
A quick scald of the baby bottles in boiling water killed any remaining germs.
將奶瓶快速用滾水燙洗，可以殺死殘留的細菌。
The scald of the equipment is an essential step in the commercial canning process.
設備的燙洗是商業罐裝製程中不可或缺的一步。
- sterilisation
broader term; not limited to boiling water as the method
- pasteurisation
specifically refers to heating a liquid to kill germs, usually at a controlled temperature over a set time
文法句型
the scald of + object
用法筆記
This noun sense corresponds to verb senses 2 and 3 — it can refer either to the cleaning process or the gentle-heating process depending on the context.
scald — 形容詞
- scaldpositive
- scaldercomparative
- scaldestsuperlative
1. (old use) having rough, dry, flaky patches on the skin, as if from a skin diseas
結痂的
皮膚粗糙有乾燥斑塊的（古語）
(old use) having rough, dry, flaky patches on the skin, as if from a skin disease.
The medieval text described a scald beggar whose arms were covered in dry, peeling skin.
那本中世紀的書裡描寫了一個皮膚結痂的乞丐，手臂上滿是乾裂脫屑的皮膚。
archaic literary use: scald beggar
The old medical manuscript mentioned a scald rash treated with boiled nettle leaves.
那本古老的醫書提到一種結痂的皮疹，可用蕁麻葉煮沸後治療。
archaic: scald rash in historical medicine
Archaeologists found descriptions of a scald condition in ancient healing recipes.
考古學家在古老的療方中發現了關於結痂病症的描述。
In the poem, the scald old soldier sat by the roadside with bandaged hands.
在那首詩中，那位皮膚結痂的老兵纏著繃帶坐在路邊。
用法筆記
This sense is archaic and rarely used in modern English. You will only encounter it in historical texts or old literature. The modern word for this meaning is 'scabby'.
2. (old use) of very low quality or character; deserving to be treated with disresp
卑劣的
品質或品格低下的（古語）
(old use) of very low quality or character; deserving to be treated with disrespect.
In that Victorian novel, the landlord is portrayed as a scald fellow who cheats his tenants.
在那部維多利亞時期的小說中，房東被描寫成一個厚顏無恥欺騙房客的卑劣之徒。
archaic literary: scald fellow (despicable person)
The old play describes a scald merchant who sold rotten grain to poor families.
那部古老的戲劇描述了一個卑劣的商人，把發霉的穀物賣給貧困家庭。
archaic: scald merchant (dishonest trader)
Historians found letters calling the corrupt official a scald rogue.
歷史學家發現了一些信件，稱那位腐敗的官員為卑劣的無賴。
In folklore, the scald nobleman was always plotting against his honest brother.
在民間傳說中，那位品格卑劣的貴族總是算計他正直的弟弟。
- contemptible
modern equivalent; means deserving scorn
- shabby
modern equivalent for poor-quality behaviour; also used for worn-out appearance
- despicable
stronger modern term; suggests moral disgust
- honourable
having strong moral character — opposite of contemptible
用法筆記
This sense is archaic. In modern English, use 'contemptible', 'despicable', or 'shabby' instead. You are unlikely to encounter this meaning outside of historical literature.
3. having been injured by hot liquid or steam; describing someone or something that
被燙傷的
遭滾燙液體或蒸氣灼傷的
having been injured by hot liquid or steam; describing someone or something that has suffered a scald.
The scald cat hid under the sofa after knocking over a mug of hot coffee.
那隻被燙傷的貓咪打翻了一杯熱咖啡後，躲到了沙發底下。
scald + animal — describes a cat that was burned
Workers handled the scald pipes carefully as steam still hissed from the open valve.
工人們小心翼翼地處理那些被蒸汽燙得發燙的管道，因為閥門打開後仍有蒸汽嘶嘶作響。
scald + object — pipes subjected to scalding steam
Omar's scald forearm swelled badly after the kettle tipped over and poured hot water across his skin.
Omar 被燙傷的前臂在熱水壺翻倒之後腫得很厲害，熱水流到了他的皮膚上。
The scald skin on the patient's arm was covered with a special cooling bandage.
病人手臂上被燙傷的皮膚敷上了一層特殊降溫繃帶。
Workers replaced the scald pipes in the factory to prevent future steam leaks.
工人更換了廠房裡被蒸汽燙壞的管道，防止再度漏氣。
- burned
broader term; does not specify that the cause was hot liquid
文法句型
scald + noun (animal, person, object)
用法筆記
This adjective form is less common than the past participle 'scalded'. You are more likely to hear 'the scalded cat' than 'the scald cat', though both are grammatically correct.