shell
shell — 名詞
1. the hard natural outer layer that protects an egg, nut, seed, or an animal such
殼；外殼
蛋、堅果、種子或動物的硬質外層
the hard natural outer layer that protects an egg, nut, seed, or an animal such as a turtle, crab, or snail
Liam cracked the egg shell and let the yolk drop into the bowl.
Liam 敲開蛋殼，讓蛋黃掉進碗裡。
countable: a single egg shell
The turtle pulled its head inside its shell when the dog came near.
那隻狗靠近時，烏龜把頭縮進了殼裡。
Macadamia nuts have such a hard shell that shops often sell them already cracked open.
夏威夷豆的外殼非常硬，店家通常會先敲開再販售。
Nia collected pretty seashells along the shore during low tide.
Nia 趁退潮時在海灘上撿了許多漂亮的貝殼。
Zola cracked the tough walnut shell with a nutcracker for the salad.
Zola 用胡桃鉗夾開核桃的硬殼，準備做沙拉。
用法筆記
Countable when referring to individual items (an eggshell, a snail shell); uncountable when referring to the material in general ('the shell of a nut is hard').
常見錯誤
2. the outer walls or frame of a building, vehicle, or other large structure, espec
外殼框架
建築物或車輛的殘存外牆或骨架
the outer walls or frame of a building, vehicle, or other large structure, especially when the inside parts are missing, destroyed, or not yet completed
After the fire, only the shell of the school building remained standing.
火災過後，學校建築只剩下空殼仍然矗立。
shell of [a building]: empty outer structure after destruction
The construction crew finished the concrete shell before winter arrived.
建築團隊在冬天來臨前完成了混凝土外殼。
Defne bought an old house that was just a shell and rebuilt everything inside.
Defne 買了一棟只剩空殼的老房子，然後把內部全部重建。
The car body is a lightweight metal shell that offers little protection.
這輛車的車體是輕量金屬外殼，提供的保護很有限。
用法筆記
Subject is often a building or vehicle that has been damaged, abandoned, or is under construction. Frequently used with 'just a shell' or 'only a shell' to emphasize emptiness.
3. a metal container packed with explosive material that a large gun shoots toward
砲彈
從大型槍砲發射的爆炸性金屬彈體
a metal container packed with explosive material that a large gun shoots toward a target, where it detonates on impact
A shell exploded near the hospital, forcing everyone to take cover.
一顆砲彈在醫院附近爆炸，迫使所有人找地方掩護。
shell + explode: describes detonation of artillery
The old cannon fired a shell that landed over a kilometre away.
那門古老的大砲發射了一枚砲彈，落在超過一公里外。
Soldiers took shelter in a basement while shells rained down on the town.
士兵們躲在地下室裡，砲彈不斷落在小鎮上。
Tariq studied the remains of an unexploded shell for his military history class.
Tariq 為了他的軍事史課程，研究了一枚未爆砲彈的殘骸。
- projectile
more general; refers to any object fired from a weapon
- round
a single unit of ammunition, including but not limited to shells
常見錯誤
4. a long, very narrow, lightweight boat designed for racing, in which a team of pe
划艇
狹長輕巧的競賽用划槳船
a long, very narrow, lightweight boat designed for racing, in which a team of people sit in a line and pull oars
The university rowing team practised in their new shell every morning.
大學划船隊每天早上都在他們的新划艇上練習。
Eight rowers climbed carefully into the shell so it would not tip over.
八名划槳手小心翼翼地爬進划艇，以免翻船。
shell as a racing rowing boat
Min's shell crossed the finish line just ahead of the Oxford crew.
Min 的划艇比牛津隊的船早一步越過終點線。
A narrow racing shell is easy to tip if the rowers lose their balance.
狹長的競賽用划艇如果划槳手失去平衡就很容易翻覆。
5. a business that exists only on official documents, with no real offices, employe
空殼公司
僅存在於文件上、無實際營運的公司
a business that exists only on official documents, with no real offices, employees, or operations, often used to hide money, avoid taxes, or carry out illegal activities
The police discovered that the money went through a shell company in Panama.
警方發現這筆錢流入了巴拿馬的一家空殼公司。
shell company: a fake business for hiding money
Gabriela registered a shell company to move funds between overseas accounts.
Gabriela 註冊了一家空殼公司，以便在海外帳戶之間轉移資金。
Dozens of shell companies were registered in the Cayman Islands last year.
去年有數十家空殼公司在開曼群島註冊。
The journalists traced the payment to a shell company with no real address.
記者追查到這筆款項來自一家沒有實際地址的空殼公司。
- front company
a legitimate-looking business used to conceal illegal activity
- paper company
emphasizes that the company exists only on paper
用法筆記
Frequently appears in news stories about financial crime and tax avoidance. Often followed by 'in [country/city]' to indicate where it was registered.
6. a small edible container made of pastry, chocolate, or other food material, hold
糕點外殼
可食用的糕點或巧克力容器，內有餡料
a small edible container made of pastry, chocolate, or other food material, holding either a sweet or a salty filling inside
For dessert, the chef filled chocolate shells with fresh raspberry cream.
主廚在巧克力殼裡填入新鮮的覆盆子鮮奶油作為甜點。
chocolate shells: edible containers made of chocolate
The bakery sold tiny pastry shells stuffed with cheese and spinach.
這家麵包店賣裝滿起司和菠菜的小型酥皮殼。
Asher baked pastry shells and filled them with custard for the party.
Asher 烤了酥皮殼，裝進卡士達醬，帶去派對。
Felix made twenty tart shells the night before the bake sale.
Felix 在義賣前一天晚上烤了二十個塔皮殼。
7. the outer behaviour or attitude that a person shows to others in order to hide t
心理防衛
隱藏真實情感的外在態度或行為
the outer behaviour or attitude that a person shows to others in order to hide their true feelings, especially when they are shy, hurt, or vulnerable
Under his tough shell, Sahil is actually very kind and caring.
在強悍的外殼底下，Sahil 其實非常善良又體貼。
tough shell: a defensive outer personality
Allison built a shell around herself after her closest friend moved away.
Allison 最好的朋友搬走後，她在自己周圍築起了一道保護殼。
Months of encouragement from his teacher helped Niran come out of his shell in class.
經過老師好幾個月的鼓勵，Niran 終於在課堂上敞開心扉。
The shy girl hid behind a shell of silence during her first week at camp.
那個害羞的女孩在露營的第一週，用沉默的外殼把自己藏了起來。
Afraid to show emotion, the boy retreated into his shell when asked how he felt.
那個男孩怕流露情感，一被人問感受就縮進自己的殼裡。
- openness
willingness to share true feelings
用法筆記
Common in fixed expressions: 'come out of your shell' (become more outgoing) and 'retreat into your shell' (become withdrawn). Often refers to a protective response to emotional pain.
shell — 動詞
1. to remove the hard outer layer from nuts, peas, eggs, or similar foods before co
去殼；剝殼
去除堅果、豆類或蛋的硬質外層
to remove the hard outer layer from nuts, peas, eggs, or similar foods before cooking or eating them
The children sat on the porch and shelled peanuts for the family meal.
孩子們坐在門廊上剝花生，準備全家人的餐點。
shell peanuts: remove the outer covering from peanuts
Defne spent an hour shelling hard-boiled eggs for the picnic salad.
Defne 花了一個小時剝水煮蛋，為野餐沙拉做準備。
For the holiday baking, Amani bought shelled walnuts instead of spending hours cracking them open.
為了節慶烘焙，Amani 直接買了去殼核桃，省去了一個個敲開的時間。
Nia shelled the peas and dropped them straight into the pot of boiling water.
Nia 把豌豆剝好殼，直接丟進滾水鍋裡。
文法句型
shell + noun phrase
用法筆記
Common in recipes and food preparation contexts. The object is typically nuts, seeds, eggs, or legumes. 'Shelled' as an adjective (shelled peanuts, shelled shrimp) means the covering has already been removed.
常見錯誤
2. to attack a place or person by firing explosive shells from a large gun
砲轟；砲擊
用大型槍砲發射爆炸性砲彈進行攻擊
to attack a place or person by firing explosive shells from a large gun
The army shelled the enemy positions all through the night.
軍隊整夜砲轟敵軍陣地。
shell [target]: transitive, direct attack
Witnesses reported that battleships shelled the port from offshore.
目擊者指出戰艦從海上砲擊了港口。
The fishing village was shelled repeatedly during the three-week siege.
那座漁村在三週圍城期間反覆遭到砲擊。
Tariq watched black smoke rise where the artillery had shelled the bridge.
Tariq 看著黑煙從火炮砲轟過的橋樑處升起。
文法句型
shell + noun phrase
shell at + noun phrase
用法筆記
Frequently used in past tense or passive voice in news reports ('the town was shelled'). The agent is usually an army, artillery unit, or warship, not an individual person.
常見錯誤
3. in baseball, to score many runs against a pitcher because the batters keep hitti
猛攻投手
棒球中打擊群猛烈攻擊投手使其大量失分
in baseball, to score many runs against a pitcher because the batters keep hitting the ball hard, forcing the pitcher to be taken out of the game
The young pitcher got shelled in the third inning and had to be replaced.
那位年輕投手在第三局慘遭砲轟、狂失七分，被迫提前退場。
get shelled: passive verb describing the pitcher's experience
Our team shelled the opposing pitcher for eight runs in the first two innings.
我們球隊在前兩局就把對方投手打得落花流水，拿下八分。
The team's best pitcher was shelled last night and looked very frustrated.
隊上最強的王牌投手昨晚被狂轟猛炸，表情非常沮喪。
Fans went quiet as their star pitcher got shelled by the visiting team.
球迷們安靜了下來，因為他們的明星投手被客隊狠狠修理了一頓。
- pummel
general sports term for defeating badly, not baseball-specific
文法句型
get shelled
be shelled
用法筆記
The pitcher is the subject when passive ('the pitcher was shelled'); the batting team is the subject when active ('they shelled the pitcher').