stone
stone — 名詞
1. the very firm natural substance dug out of the earth, from which walls, homes, a
石頭
用於建築的堅硬天然礦物
the very firm natural substance dug out of the earth, from which walls, homes, and pathways are built; also, one individual lump of this material
The old church walls were made of grey stone that had weathered over centuries.
這座古老教堂的牆壁由灰色石頭砌成，歷經數百年風霜。
uncountable: 'made of stone' for the material in general
Reema skipped flat stones across the surface of the calm lake.
Reema 撿起扁平的石頭，朝平靜的湖面打水漂。
countable: 'stones' for individual pieces
A large stone blocked the narrow path through the mountain pass.
一塊大石頭擋住了通往山隘的狹窄小徑。
The castle was built from local stone cut from a quarry nearby.
這座城堡是用附近採石場開採的當地石頭建造的。
Workers used heavy stones to build the foundation of the new bridge.
工人們使用沉重的石頭來建造新橋的地基。
文法句型
made of stone
a piece of stone
[number] stones
用法筆記
Uncountable when referring to the material in general ('a wall made of stone'). Countable when referring to individual pieces ('a stone hit the window').
常見錯誤
2. a hard, pebble-like mass that can form inside an organ such as the kidney or gal
結石
體內器官形成的硬質礦物沉積物
a hard, pebble-like mass that can form inside an organ such as the kidney or gallbladder, often causing sharp pain
The doctor told Yuna that her kidney stone was small enough to pass on its own.
醫師告訴 Yuna，她的腎結石很小，可以自行排出。
compound: kidney stone / gallstone
Otis was rushed to hospital with severe pain from a gallstone that blocked his bile duct.
Otis 因膽結石阻塞膽管引發劇痛，被緊急送醫。
Drinking plenty of water every day can reduce the risk of forming kidney stones.
每天多喝水可以降低形成腎結石的風險。
After surgery, the surgeon showed Bao the small stone removed from his bladder.
手術後，外科醫師讓 Bao 看從他膀胱取出的那顆小結石。
- calculus
the formal medical term; rarely used outside clinical settings
文法句型
[organ] + stone
用法筆記
Almost always used in combination with the organ: kidney stone, gallstone, bladder stone. Rarely used alone without specifying the organ.
3. a British measurement for how heavy a person is, where one stone is the same as
英石
英國體重單位，等於6.35公斤
a British measurement for how heavy a person is, where one stone is the same as fourteen pounds or about six and a third kilograms
Karim told the nurse he weighed twelve stone and hoped to lose some weight.
Karim 告訴護理師他體重十二英石，希望能瘦一些。
pattern: [number] stone (no plural -s)
The baby weighed seven stone eight pounds at her last check-up.
上次檢查時，這個嬰兒體重七英石八磅。
In Britain many people still use stones and pounds instead of kilograms.
在英國，很多人仍然使用英石和磅來測量體重，而非公斤。
The doctor recorded Paloma's weight as eleven stone, which is healthy for her height.
醫師記錄 Paloma 的體重為十一英石，以她的身高來說算健康。
文法句型
[number] stone
用法筆記
Only used in the UK and Ireland for human body weight. The plural is also 'stone' (not 'stones') after a number: 'He weighs fourteen stone.' Not used in the US, Canada, or most other countries.
常見錯誤
4. a tiny chunk of an expensive natural material like a diamond or ruby, which has
寶石
經切割打磨用於珠寶的珍貴礦物
a tiny chunk of an expensive natural material like a diamond or ruby, which has been shaped and made shiny to be worn as jewellery
The jeweller set a brilliant blue stone into the silver ring that Yuna had chosen.
珠寶匠將一顆閃亮的藍色寶石鑲進 Yuna 挑選的銀戒指裡。
set a stone (into jewellery)
Amihan's grandmother gave her a necklace with three small green stones that sparkled in the light.
Amihan 的祖母送她一條項鍊，上面綴有三顆在光線下閃閃發光的綠色小寶石。
Collectors paid a huge sum for the rare yellow diamond, the largest stone of its kind ever found.
收藏家以天價購得這顆稀有的黃色鑽石——同類寶石中迄今為止最大的一顆。
The museum displayed a crown covered in precious stones from around the world.
博物館展出了一頂鑲滿世界各地珍貴寶石的王冠。
Mira examined each stone carefully before choosing one for her bracelet design.
Mira 仔細檢查每一顆寶石，才決定要用哪一顆來設計她的手鍊。
5. the large, hard seed or pit found inside certain fruits such as peaches, plums,
果核
某些水果內部的堅硬種子
the large, hard seed or pit found inside certain fruits such as peaches, plums, cherries, and avocados
Élise cut the peach in half and carefully removed the stone before slicing the fruit.
Élise 將桃子切半，小心地去除果核後再切片。
remove the stone + [fruit]
Be careful not to bite into a cherry stone because it can damage your teeth.
小心不要咬到櫻桃的果核，那可能會傷到你的牙齒。
The recipe said to take the stones out of the plums before cooking them.
食譜上說，要先將李子的果核取出再烹煮。
Kemi planted the avocado stone in a pot of soil to try to grow her own tree.
Kemi 將酪梨的果核種在裝了土的花盆裡，想試著種出自己的樹。
Chef Rodrigo removed each olive stone by hand to prepare the stuffed appetiser.
主廚 Rodrigo 用手一顆顆去除橄欖的果核，以準備填餡開胃菜。
文法句型
[fruit] + stone
用法筆記
More common in British English. In American English, 'pit' is the usual word. The verb form is 'to stone a fruit' (remove the stone).
6. a heavy, rounded disc made of granite that players slide across ice in the sport
冰壺
冰壺比賽用的花崗岩圓石
a heavy, rounded disc made of granite that players slide across ice in the sport of curling
The player released the stone with a gentle twist, sending it gliding down the ice.
選手輕輕轉動冰壺後鬆手，讓它在冰面上滑行。
Each curling stone weighs about twenty kilograms and is made of granite from Scotland.
每個冰壺約重二十公斤，由蘇格蘭的花崗岩製成。
compound: curling stone
Nkechi watched as her stone knocked the opponent's stone out of the scoring area.
Nkechi 看著自己的冰壺撞擊對手的冰壺，將其推出得分區。
The team polished their stones with a soft cloth before the championship match began.
隊伍在冠軍賽開始前用軟布將他們的冰壺擦拭乾淨。
用法筆記
This sense is limited to the sport of curling. Almost always used in combination as 'curling stone', though experienced players may say 'stone' alone.
stone — 動詞
1. to hurl pieces of rock towards a person, animal, or thing, often because you are
丟石頭
朝某人某物投擲石塊
to hurl pieces of rock towards a person, animal, or thing, often because you are angry or want to cause harm
The angry crowd began to stone the abandoned car in the middle of the street.
憤怒的群眾開始朝街中央那輛廢棄的汽車扔石頭。
Some children were stoning a tin can when the teacher told them to stop.
幾個小孩正對著一個鐵罐扔石頭，這時老師叫他們住手。
The protesters threatened to stone the embassy windows if their demands were ignored.
抗議者威脅說，如果他們的要求不被理會，就要向大使館窗戶扔石頭。
In many places, stoning someone's property is a serious crime that leads to arrest.
在許多地方，朝他人財物扔石頭是會導致逮捕的嚴重罪行。
The bus was stoned by a group of youths as it passed through the neighbourhood.
那輛巴士經過社區時，遭到一群年輕人扔石頭攻擊。
- pelt
to throw things (not necessarily stones) repeatedly at someone or something
- bombard
to attack continuously with objects or questions; more general and can be figurative
- throw rocks at
the literal, less formal phrase; 'stone' is the single-word verb form
文法句型
stone + [object]
用法筆記
Usually transitive: someone stones something or someone. The passive construction is very common: 'The car was stoned by vandals.'
常見錯誤
2. to put a person to death as a penalty, by having a group of people fling rocks a
投石處死
以扔石頭的方式執行死刑
to put a person to death as a penalty, by having a group of people fling rocks at them until they stop breathing
Under the law of the time, the court ordered that the woman be stoned for her crime.
根據當時的法律，法庭判處這名女子因她的罪行被投石處死。
passive: be stoned for [crime]
In some historical accounts, communities would stone those found guilty of serious offences.
根據一些歷史記載，社群會對被判有重大罪行的人投擲石頭處死。
International human rights groups have condemned the practice of stoning people as cruel punishment.
國際人權組織譴責以扔石頭處決人的做法是一種殘酷刑罰。
The practice of stoning someone to death has been abolished in most countries around the world.
世界上大多數國家已經廢除了將人投石處死的做法。
- lapidate
the formal, Latinate term; extremely rare in everyday English
文法句型
be stoned to death
用法筆記
Almost always used in passive voice or in historical and legal contexts. The agent is typically a group or the state, not an individual. The full form 'stoned to death' is the most common expression.
3. to take out the large hard seed (stone) from inside a fruit before eating or coo
去核
去除水果內部的硬核
to take out the large hard seed (stone) from inside a fruit before eating or cooking it
The recipe said to stone the olives before adding them to the sauce.
食譜上說，先把橄欖去核再放入醬汁中。
British English; 'pit' in American English
Yan spent the afternoon stoning cherries for the pie filling.
Yan 花了一整個下午為餡餅去櫻桃核。
You should always stone the plums before giving them to young children to eat.
給小孩子吃李子之前，一定要先將李子去核。
Mira carefully stoned each date before stuffing it with cheese for the party guests.
Mira 仔細地將每一顆椰棗去核，再填入起司，端給派對的客人。
The kitchen assistant stoned the avocados and scooped the flesh into a bowl.
廚房助手將酪梨去核，並把果肉挖到碗裡。
- pit
the American English equivalent; 'I need to pit the cherries'
- remove the stone from
the explanatory phrase used in recipes when the single verb may be unfamiliar
文法句型
stone + [fruit]
用法筆記
More common in British English; in American English, 'pit' is the usual verb. Some recipes say 'remove the stones' instead of using the verb 'stone'.
常見錯誤
stone — 副詞
1. used before certain adjectives to mean completely or extremely, emphasising that
完全；徹底
放在特定形容詞前表示完全
used before certain adjectives to mean completely or extremely, emphasising that something is fully in that state — only used in fixed combinations such as stone cold, stone dead, or stone broke
By the time the police arrived, the man was already stone dead.
警方趕到時，那名男子已經完全斷氣了。
fixed combo: stone dead
The tea had gone stone cold while they argued about the best route to take.
他們爭論最佳路線的時候，茶已經變得冰涼。
fixed combo: stone cold
After paying all his bills, Henrik was stone broke until his next payday.
Henrik 付完所有帳單後身無分文，一直撐到下一個發薪日。
The wind was stone cold against her face as she walked home through the snow.
寒風如刀割般吹在她臉上，她頂著大雪走回家。
- completely
the standard adverb; less emphatic and usable before any adjective
- dead
used in similar fixed intensifier position: 'dead serious', 'dead tired'
- stone-cold
the hyphenated adjective form of the same intensifier
文法句型
stone + [adjective]
用法筆記
Only used before a small fixed set of adjectives: cold, dead, broke, and occasionally 'sober'. This is NOT a productive pattern — you cannot invent new combinations like 'stone happy' or 'stone tired'. Each combination must be learned as a fixed phrase.
常見錯誤
stone — 形容詞
1. made of the hard, solid mineral material from the ground; used before a noun to
石製的
用石頭建造或製成的
made of the hard, solid mineral material from the ground; used before a noun to describe what something is built or made from
The cottage had a stone floor that stayed cool even during the hot summer months.
小屋的石頭地板即使在炎熱的夏天也保持涼爽。
attributive: stone + noun
The Cabrera family lived in an old stone house with thick walls and small windows.
他們住在一棟老舊的石屋裡，有著厚厚的牆壁和小窗戶。
A stone bridge crossed the river at the edge of the quiet village.
一座石橋橫跨在寧靜村莊邊緣的河流上。
The kitchen counter was made of a beautiful polished stone called black granite.
廚房流理檯面由名為「黑色花崗岩」的美麗拋光石材製成。
A stone path led from the gate through the garden to the front door.
一條石徑從大門穿過花園，直通前門。
- stone-built
specifically about buildings constructed from stone
- rock
much less common as an attributive adjective; 'rock wall' emphasises a rougher, natural look
文法句型
stone + [noun]
用法筆記
Attributive only — always placed before a noun ('a stone wall'). Not used in predicative position: ❌ 'The wall is stone.' ✅ 'The wall is made of stone.'
常見錯誤
2. completely cold in temperature, or showing no emotion at all; always used in com
冰冷的
完全冷的；毫無情感的
completely cold in temperature, or showing no emotion at all; always used in combination with 'cold' as the compound 'stone-cold'
The soup was stone-cold by the time the guests sat down at the table.
賓客就座時，湯已經變得冰冷。
literal: stone-cold (temperature)
Adaeze gave him a stone-cold stare that made him stop talking at once.
Adaeze 冷冷地瞪了他一眼，他立刻閉嘴不說了。
figurative: stone-cold (emotionless)
The detectives followed a stone-cold trail that led nowhere useful.
偵探們循著一條毫無進展的線索追查，卻一無所獲。
Fatima's reply was stone-cold and she did not smile or show any feeling at all.
她的回覆冷冰冰的，完全沒有笑容，也不流露任何情緒。
The morning air was stone-cold, so we wrapped ourselves in warm coats before going out.
清晨的空氣寒冷刺骨，我們裹上厚外套才出門。
- ice-cold
similar intensifier; emphasises that something is as cold as ice
- freezing cold
less formal; emphasises discomfort from cold
- emotionless
the literal synonym for the figurative meaning of 'stone-cold'
- warm
for the temperature meaning
- warm-hearted
for the emotional meaning
文法句型
stone-cold + [noun]
用法筆記
Almost always written with a hyphen as 'stone-cold'. Can be used literally (cold temperature) or figuratively (showing no emotion). The adverb 'stone' can also modify 'cold' in the same meaning ('stone cold' without hyphen when the adverb is used).