study
study — 名詞
1. a piece of work that investigates a specific topic in depth, done to discover an
研究
針對特定主題的詳細調查
a piece of work that investigates a specific topic in depth, done to discover and share new findings about it
A recent medical study shows that walking for thirty minutes each day improves heart health.
一項最近的醫學研究顯示，每天步行三十分鐘有助於改善心臟健康。
collocation: recent study / medical study
The university study on ocean pollution was published in a well-known science journal.
那份關於海洋污染的大學研究發表在一本知名的科學期刊上。
pattern: study on [topic]
According to this study, children who read at home tend to perform better in school.
根據這項研究，在家中閱讀的兒童在學校的表現通常較好。
Otis spent three years working on a study about how birds find their way over long distances.
Otis 花了三年時間進行一項關於鳥類如何辨識長途遷徙路線的研究。
The study examined the effects of traffic noise on people's ability to fall asleep at night.
該研究探討了交通噪音對人們夜間入睡能力的影響。
- research
uncountable and broader; 'study' often refers to one specific project
- investigation
more formal; often used in legal or criminal contexts
- analysis
focuses on breaking data into parts rather than collecting new data
文法句型
a study of [topic]
a study on [topic]
用法筆記
Often used with adjectives that describe the type of research: 'scientific study', 'clinical study', 'detailed study'. Commonly followed by 'of', 'on', or 'about' to indicate the topic.
常見錯誤
2. a drawing or quick painting created by an artist as a test or practice piece bef
習作
畫家在創作前繪製的試畫
a drawing or quick painting created by an artist as a test or practice piece before making the final finished work
Rania made a charcoal study of a woman's hands before she started the portrait.
Rania 在開始畫肖像之前，先畫了一幅女性雙手的炭筆習作。
pattern: a [medium] study of [subject]
The gallery display includes a study for the famous painting of the royal family.
該畫廊的展品中包括那幅王室家族名畫的習作。
pattern: a study for [final artwork]
Nora's pencil study of an old oak tree captured every detail of the bark and leaves.
Nora 那幅老橡樹的鉛筆習作，精細地捕捉了樹皮和葉子的每個細節。
Antonia used her study of light and shadow to plan the final watercolour scene.
Antonia 利用她對光影的習作來規劃最終的水彩場景。
Quinn drew the ballerina's feet twenty times from different angles as a study for her dance series.
Quinn 從不同角度畫了那位芭蕾舞者的雙腳二十次，作為舞蹈系列作品的習作。
- sketch
implies a quicker, less detailed drawing
- preliminary drawing
more technical; stresses that it comes before the final piece
文法句型
a study of [subject]
a study for [artwork]
用法筆記
Distinguish from 'sketch' — a study is more deliberate and focused on solving a specific artistic problem (lighting, composition, anatomy), while a sketch is quicker and more informal.
常見錯誤
3. the process of acquiring knowledge by reading, attending lessons, or carrying ou
學習
透過閱讀或上課獲取知識
the process of acquiring knowledge by reading, attending lessons, or carrying out research — viewed as an ongoing activity rather than a single task
Mateo's study of ancient Greek took three years of evening classes before he could read the original texts.
Mateo 花了三年的夜間課程學習古希臘文，才能讀懂原始文本。
pattern: the study of [academic subject]
Kabir's studies at medical school take up most of his time each week.
Kabir 在醫學院的學業佔去了他每週大部分的時間。
plural form: studies at [institution]
Min enjoys the study of nature and spends every weekend in the forest near her home.
Min 很享受學習自然知識，每個週末都待在家附近的森林裡。
After years of study, Andrew finally received his degree in civil engineering.
經過多年的學習，Andrew 終於拿到了土木工程的學位。
The study of computer programming has become very popular among young people in Taiwan.
學習電腦程式設計在台灣的年輕人之間變得非常受歡迎。
文法句型
the study of [subject]
[possessive] studies
用法筆記
Usually uncountable when referring to the general activity. The plural 'studies' is used when referring to a specific person's learning activities or a programme of learning.
4. the sustained time and focused mental effort that someone spends on learning, es
苦讀
投入學習的時間與心力
the sustained time and focused mental effort that someone spends on learning, especially when preparing for a specific test or working towards a particular goal
After twelve hours of study for her law school entrance exam, Yan fell asleep at her desk before dinner.
Yan 為了法學院入學考試苦讀了十二個小時，在晚飯前就趴在桌上睡著了。
uncountable: [number] hours of study for [exam]
Bao put in three hours of study before the final mathematics exam.
Bao 在期末數學考試之前花了三個小時苦讀。
pattern: [number] hours of study
Weeks of study at the medical library helped Dr. Hassan pass the specialist exam on his first try.
Hassan 醫師在醫學圖書館苦讀數週之後，第一次就通過了專科考試。
Eshe set aside two hours for study every evening after dinner.
Eshe 每天晚上吃完晚餐後都會撥出兩小時苦讀。
His study of Japanese grammar every morning helped him speak more fluently within six months.
他每天早上苦讀日語文法，不到六個月就說得更流利了。
- revision
British English; specifically reviewing material already learned
- preparation
broader; can include non-academic tasks like gathering materials
文法句型
[amount] of study
study of [topic]
用法筆記
Uncountable. Unlike sense 3 (ACADEMIC LEARNING), this sense emphasises the effort and time spent rather than the activity as a whole. Frequently appears in phrases like 'hours of study' or 'a period of study'.
常見錯誤
5. used as part of the title of an academic subject or course at a school, college,
學科
學科或課程名稱中的用詞
used as part of the title of an academic subject or course at a school, college, or university
Sivan chose to study media studies at the University of Cape Town.
Sivan 選擇在開普敦大學攻讀媒體學。
compound name: media studies
The school offers popular courses in business studies and communication.
該校開設了熱門的商業學與傳播學課程。
Joaquín is taking a class in American studies this semester at college.
Joaquín 這學期在大學選修了一門美國研究課程。
Paul thinks that gender studies should be offered to all university students.
Paul 認為性別研究應該開放給所有大學生選修。
Ziad chose environmental studies at the University of Nairobi because he wanted to work on climate policy.
Ziad 選擇在奈洛比大學攻讀環境研究，因為他想從事氣候政策方面的工作。
- subject
simpler and more general; doesn't carry the '-studies' compound form
- discipline
more formal; refers to a branch of knowledge
文法句型
[modifier] studies
用法筆記
Always appears as part of a compound noun. The form is plural (e.g. 'business studies', 'media studies'). In academic contexts the first letter is often capitalised when used in official course names.
常見錯誤
6. a room in a house or apartment that is used for reading, writing, or working qui
書房
家中用來閱讀或寫作的房間
a room in a house or apartment that is used for reading, writing, or working quietly
Otis keeps his collection of poetry on the shelf in his study.
Otis 把他收藏的詩集放在書房的書架上。
possessive: his study
The study has large windows and a fireplace where Christopher reads on Sunday mornings.
那間書房有大窗戶和一座壁爐，Christopher 星期天早上常在那裡看書。
activity: reading in the study
Rania decorated her study with maps and a large wooden desk.
Rania 用地圖和一張大木桌來佈置她的書房。
Kabir closed the study door so he could read his book without any noise from the living room.
Kabir 關上書房的門，這樣他就可以不受客廳噪音的干擾看書。
The study was the quietest room in the house, with bookshelves covering three walls.
書房是屋子裡最安靜的房間，三面牆上都擺滿了書架。
- home office
more modern; emphasises working rather than reading
- den
more informal and casual; common in American English
文法句型
[possessive] study
in the study
用法筆記
More common in British English than American English, where 'den' or 'home office' are often used instead. Refers specifically to a room — distinct from the activity senses (1, 3, 4).
常見錯誤
study — 動詞
1. to spend time reading books, going to classes, or doing research in order to gai
研讀
花時間閱讀或上課以學習
to spend time reading books, going to classes, or doing research in order to gain knowledge about a particular subject
Nora studies biology at the University of São Paulo.
Nora 在聖保羅大學攻讀生物學。
transitive: study + [subject]
Min studies French every morning before going to work at the hospital.
Min 每天早上去醫院上班之前都會研讀法文。
Andrew is studying to become a nurse at a local community college.
Andrew 正在一所社區大學研讀，將來想成為護理師。
Antonia studied the user guide carefully before turning on the new video camera.
Antonia 在打開新攝影機之前仔細研讀了使用說明書。
Paul studied hard for the biology test and got the highest score in his class.
Paul 為了生物考試努力用功，拿到了全班最高分。
文法句型
study + [subject]
study for + [exam]
study to become + [profession]
用法筆記
Can be used transitively (study a subject) or intransitively (study for an exam, study to become something). The intransitive form often appears with 'for' or 'to'.
常見錯誤
2. to look at something very closely and with great attention, trying to notice its
細看
非常仔細地觀察或檢查
to look at something very closely and with great attention, trying to notice its details or understand what it means
The detective studied the blurry security video for any useful details.
偵探仔細查看模糊的監視器畫面，尋找任何有用的線索。
object: visual material (photo, video, map)
Bao studied the hiking trail map before leaving the car at the starting point.
Bao 在離開停車處之前仔細查看那條登山步道的地圖。
Eshe studied her brother's face carefully to see if he was telling the truth.
Eshe 仔細端詳她弟弟的臉，看他是否在說實話。
Sivan studied the fine print of the rental contract before signing it.
Sivan 在簽約之前仔細查看了租約上的細小文字。
Joaquín studied the old photograph on the wall, searching for his grandmother's face.
Joaquín 仔細端詳牆上的舊照片，尋找祖母的面孔。
- examine
more formal; can be used for medical or scientific contexts
- inspect
suggests looking for faults or problems
- scrutinise
more intense; implies very careful, critical examination
文法句型
study + [object]
用法筆記
Typically used with objects that have visual detail: a face, a document, a map, a photograph. Not used for academic subjects — that is sense 1. Frequently occurs with intensifiers like 'carefully' or 'closely'.