subtotal
subtotal — 名詞
1. a number that represents the combined value of only some items in a list, before
小計
階段性加總數字
a number that represents the combined value of only some items in a list, before more items are added to reach the final total
After entering all her grocery items, Rania checked the subtotal before adding the delivery fee.
Rania 輸入所有雜貨項目後，先檢查了小計，然後才加上運費。
collocation: check the subtotal
The invoice showed a subtotal of $450 for replacement parts, with tax listed further below.
那張發票顯示零件的小計為 450 美元，稅金則列在更下方。
The website showed a subtotal for the three books before the discount code was applied.
在套用折扣碼之前，網站顯示了購物車中三本書的小計。
Mizuki added each column and wrote the subtotal at the bottom of the sheet.
Mizuki 加總了每一欄的數字，並在頁面底部寫下了小計。
At the bottom of the receipt, the subtotal appears just above the sales tax line.
在收據的最下方，小計就出現在營業稅那一行的正上方。
- partial sum
a more mathematical term, common in statistics and computer programming
- running total
focuses on the cumulative value that grows as each item is added, rather than a fixed intermediate figure
- interim total
slightly more formal; emphasises that this is a temporary stopping point in the calculation
- grand total
the final sum after all items, taxes, and fees have been included
- final amount
the complete figure that a customer actually pays
用法筆記
Common in retail receipts, invoices, and spreadsheets. The subtotal is an intermediate figure — the customer still needs to add tax, shipping, or other charges to get the final amount due.
常見錯誤
subtotal — 形容詞
1. describing a state or condition that is almost, but not completely, full or abso
近乎完全
接近但尚未完全的程度
describing a state or condition that is almost, but not completely, full or absolute — for example, a subtotal removal of a tumour means most of it was taken out but a small part remains
After the earthquake, engineers reported a subtotal collapse of the warehouse's main support wall.
地震過後，工程師通報倉庫的主要支撐牆出現了近乎完全的倒塌。
collocation: subtotal collapse
The surgeon performed subtotal removal of the thyroid, leaving a small part for hormone function.
外科醫師進行了甲狀腺的近乎完全切除，留下了一小部分以維持荷爾蒙功能。
medical usage: subtotal removal / subtotal gastrectomy
The transplant team observed subtotal failure of the donor liver within the first week.
移植團隊在第一週內觀察到捐贈肝臟出現近乎完全衰竭。
The storm caused subtotal damage to the roof, but a few chimney tiles stayed on.
暴風雨對屋頂造成了近乎完全的損害，不過煙囪附近還有幾片瓦牢牢固定在原位。
- near-complete
the standard everyday alternative, far more common in general writing
- almost total
slightly more emphatic; works in both formal and informal registers
- partial
broader and more common, but may understate the degree — 'subtotal' implies a higher percentage than 'partial'
用法筆記
Rare outside medical and technical writing. In everyday English, 'near-complete' or 'almost total' is preferred. Most commonly found in surgical terminology (e.g. subtotal gastrectomy, subtotal thyroidectomy), where it describes the removal of most but not all of an organ.