sulfate
sulfate — 名詞
1. the US way of writing the word that British English spells as 'sulphate'; both f
美式拼寫
sulfate 的美式拼法
the US way of writing the word that British English spells as 'sulphate'; both forms have the same chemical meanings
In American scientific journals, they write 'sulfate' with an 'f'.
在美國的科學期刊中，sulfate 這個字拼寫時用 f（而非 ph）。
US vs UK spelling difference
The spelling 'sulfate' is standard in US chemistry textbooks.
在美國的化學教科書中，sulfate 是標準拼法。
If you see 'sulphate' in a paper, the writer probably follows British conventions.
如果論文中出現 sulphate，作者可能採用英式拼法。
The Watanabe laboratory uses the US spelling 'sulfate' in all its publications.
Watanabe 研究室的所有論文都使用美式拼寫 sulfate。
用法筆記
This sense is purely a spelling variant. In Taiwan, English-language chemistry materials tend to follow US spelling conventions, so 'sulfate' is the more common form seen locally.
2. a chemical substance formed when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal, alkali, or o
硫酸鹽
硫酸與金屬或鹼反應生成的化合物
a chemical substance formed when sulfuric acid reacts with a metal, alkali, or other base; many sulfates are used in fertilizers, cleaning products, medicines, and industrial processes
The river contained high levels of sulfate from agricultural runoff.
這條河流因農業徑流而含有高濃度的硫酸鹽。
sulfate as an environmental pollutant
Copper sulfate is often used to control algae in swimming pools.
硫酸銅常用於控制游泳池中的藻類生長。
Magnesium sulfate, also known as Epsom salt, can relieve muscle pain.
硫酸鎂，也就是俗稱的瀉鹽，可以緩解肌肉疼痛。
Faisal tested the soil sample for sulfate content before planting crops.
Faisal 在種植作物前檢測了土壤樣本中的硫酸鹽含量。
文法句型
sulfate + of + metal/element
用法筆記
Countable when referring to a specific type of sulfate (e.g. 'three different sulfates'), uncountable when referring to the general substance. The word often appears as a modifier before another noun, as in 'sulfate salts' or 'sulfate minerals'.
常見錯誤
3. a tiny particle (a negatively charged ion, known as an anion) made of one sulfur
硫酸根
帶兩個負電荷的 SO₄ 離子基團
a tiny particle (a negatively charged ion, known as an anion) made of one sulfur atom and four oxygen atoms, written as SO₄²⁻; this ion is the part of a sulfate compound that carries its chemical properties
A sulfate ion carries a negative charge of two and is very stable in water.
硫酸根離子帶兩個負電荷，且在水中非常穩定。
sulfate ion as a charged particle
In this reaction, the sulfate group is replaced by a chloride ion.
在這個反應中，硫酸根被氯離子取代。
Xiu studied how the sulfate anion behaves in acidic solutions.
Xiu 研究了硫酸根陰離子在酸性溶液中的行為。
The sulfate group in this molecule is attached to a carbon ring.
這個分子中的硫酸根基團連接在一個碳環上。
- sulfate ion
more explicit term for the charged particle
- sulfate group
used when the SO₄ unit is bonded within a larger molecule
- sulfate anion
emphasises the negative charge
文法句型
sulfate + ion / group / anion
用法筆記
Distinguish from noun sense 2: sense 3 refers specifically to the ionic particle (SO₄²⁻) itself, not to a full salt or ester compound. This sense is used mainly in discussions of chemical bonding, reaction mechanisms, and ionic equations.
常見錯誤
sulfate — 動詞
1. to add a salt derived from H₂SO₄ to a substance, or to expose a material to that
硫酸鹽化
用硫酸或硫酸鹽處理物質
to add a salt derived from H₂SO₄ to a substance, or to expose a material to that acid itself, so that the material picks up a sulfate group through a chemical reaction — a step common in manufacturing and laboratory chemistry
Valentina sulfated the sample to test for the presence of heavy metals.
Valentina 將樣本進行硫酸鹽化處理，以檢測重金屬是否存在。
sulfate as a laboratory treatment verb
The raw ore is sulfated before the metal can be extracted.
原礦石在萃取金屬之前會先進行硫酸鹽化。
passive form in an industrial process
Nikhil learned how to sulfate organic compounds during his advanced chemistry course.
Nikhil 在進階化學課程中學到了如何將有機化合物進行硫酸鹽化。
The team sulfates the wastewater to remove dissolved metal ions.
該團隊對廢水進行硫酸鹽化處理，以去除溶解的金屬離子。
文法句型
sulfate + object (substance/metal/compound)
用法筆記
Almost entirely restricted to technical chemistry and industrial-engineering writing. Learners at intermediate levels are far more likely to encounter 'sulfate' as a noun than as a verb. The passive construction ('is sulfated') is common in descriptions of manufacturing steps.