tanning
tanning — 名詞
1. the process in which a person's skin becomes darker after they spend time in the
曬黑；日曬
皮膚因陽光照射而變黑的過程
the process in which a person's skin becomes darker after they spend time in the sun, usually because they are sunbathing or doing outdoor activities
Mei applies strong sunscreen every morning to control the tanning of her skin.
Mei 每天早上都會塗高防曬係數的防曬乳，來控制皮膚曬黑的程度。
modifier pattern: 'the tanning of + possessive + noun'
The resort brochure promoted all-day tanning on its private white-sand beach.
這家度假村的手冊大力宣傳在私人白沙灘上全天享受日曬的活動。
adjective + tanning: 'all-day tanning'
Obi's dermatologist warned him that excessive tanning damages skin cells over time.
Obi 的皮膚科醫生警告他，過度日曬會隨著時間損害皮膚細胞。
Artificial tanning from sunbeds can be just as harmful as natural sunlight.
使用日光浴床的人工日曬，可能和自然陽光一樣有害。
Amani decided to give up tanning after noticing dark spots on her cheeks.
Amani 發現臉頰出現黑斑後，決定放棄日曬的習慣。
- sunbathing
focuses on the activity of lying in the sun for pleasure, not just the darkening effect
- bronzing
more cosmetic — emphasises the attractive golden-brown result rather than the process
文法句型
the tanning of + noun
adjective + tanning
tanning + noun (modifier)
用法筆記
This is by far the most common modern meaning. Tanning in this sense is usually an uncountable noun — you cannot say 'a tanning' to mean a session of browning. That single session is called 'a tan' (countable). Frequently appears with adjectives such as 'excessive', 'artificial', 'indoor', and 'natural'.
常見錯誤
2. the industrial or craft process of treating animal skins with chemicals or natur
製革；鞣皮
將動物生皮加工成皮革的工序
the industrial or craft process of treating animal skins with chemicals or natural substances so that they become strong, flexible leather that can be used to make shoes, bags, clothes, and other items
The small town in Italy has been famous for its leather-tanning industry for centuries.
這座位於義大利的小鎮數百年來一直以製革工業聞名。
compound modifier: 'leather-tanning industry'
Padma learned the art of tanning from her grandfather, a master leather worker.
Padma 向擔任皮革工藝大師的祖父學習鞣皮的技術。
Modern tanning factories use chromium salts to turn raw animal hides into soft, durable leather.
現代的製革廠使用鉻鹽將動物生皮轉變為柔軟耐用的皮革。
Traditional tanning methods use tree bark and plant extracts instead of synthetic chemicals.
傳統的製革方法使用樹皮和植物萃取物，而非合成化學物質。
- leathermaking
a broader term that covers all stages from skin to finished product, not just the chemical treatment
- curing
refers to preserving animal skins; it is a related but earlier step before actual tanning
文法句型
the + noun + of tanning
tanning + industry/factory/process
用法筆記
This is the older, original meaning of the word. It is a specialised term most often encountered in the contexts of manufacturing, traditional crafts, and the fashion industry. The noun 'tanning' in this sense is uncountable — you cannot say 'a tanning' when referring to a single batch of leather processing.
常見錯誤
3. an act of hitting someone, especially a child on the bottom, as a way of punishi
鞭打；痛打
作為處罰的毆打，尤指打屁股
an act of hitting someone, especially a child on the bottom, as a way of punishing them for bad behaviour
Grandpa used to say that a good tanning taught him respect as a child.
爺爺常說小時候挨一頓好打，讓他學會了尊敬長輩。
collocation: 'a good tanning'
After the prank, the boys feared a tanning from their strict uncle.
惡作劇之後，那幾個男孩擔心會被嚴格的叔叔教訓一頓。
Joon told his son that a tanning was how adults used to punish misbehaving children.
Joon 告訴兒子，以前的大人就是用打屁股來處罰不聽話的孩子。
The old teacher believed a proper tanning would correct bad behaviour in the classroom.
那位老教師認為，適當的鞭打能夠矯正學生在課堂上的不良行為。
文法句型
a good tanning
give someone a tanning
用法筆記
This sense is informal and sounds somewhat old-fashioned in modern British English. It is rarely used in serious contexts today except humorously or in historical references. Unlike senses 1 and 2, this sense is countable: you can say 'gave him a tanning' (a single punishment event). The object of the punishment is usually a child, and the hitting is typically with an open hand on the bottom.