transformation
transformation — 名詞
1. the process or result of a person or thing becoming very different in appearance
轉變
外貌、特質或狀態的重大改變
the process or result of a person or thing becoming very different in appearance, nature, or condition — for example, a run-down neighbourhood turned into a clean, lively area, or someone who leaves a dead-end job and builds a completely new career.
The old factory district underwent a remarkable transformation into a lively arts and culture hub.
舊工廠區經歷了驚人的轉變，變成了充滿活力的藝術文化中心。
undergo a transformation — used with 'into'
Bilal's transformation from shy office worker to confident team leader surprised his closest friends.
Bilal 從害羞的辦公職員轉變為自信的團隊領導，讓最親近的朋友都感到驚訝。
transformation from X to Y — before-and-after pattern
Digital technology has driven a huge transformation in how people shop, learn, and stay in touch.
數位科技已推動人們購物、學習和聯繫方式的巨大轉變。
Linh watched her garden's slow transformation from bare soil to a colourful flower paradise.
Linh 看著她的花園從光禿禿的泥土慢慢轉變為色彩繽紛的花卉天堂。
Diego went from a depressed factory worker to a confident restaurant owner — a complete personal transformation.
Diego 從沮喪的工廠工人變成了自信的餐廳老闆——這是一場徹底的個人轉變。
- change
much broader; can be small or partial, whereas transformation implies a complete shift
- conversion
emphasises a change in purpose or function rather than appearance or character
- overhaul
suggests thorough repair or reorganisation, often of a system or machine
- metamorphosis
a literary or biological term for a striking, often natural, shape change (e.g. caterpillar to butterfly)
- stagnation
a period without growth or change
用法筆記
Frequently preceded by adjectives such as 'dramatic', 'remarkable', or 'radical' that emphasise the extent of the change. Often appears in the structure 'transformation from [A] to/into [B]'. Can be countable ('a remarkable transformation') or uncountable ('a period of transformation').
常見錯誤
2. an operation, such as moving, turning, stretching, or reflecting a shape, that c
變換
依規則改變圖形位置或形態的數學運算
an operation, such as moving, turning, stretching, or reflecting a shape, that changes its position or form according to a fixed rule — for example, rotating a triangle around a central point, or mapping the points of a square onto new positions using a formula.
A reflection is a type of transformation that flips a shape across a straight line.
反射是一種將形狀沿直線翻轉的變換。
reflection — a type of geometric transformation
Esteban learned that a rotation transformation turns a triangle ninety degrees around a fixed point.
Esteban 學到，旋轉變換是將三角形繞一個固定點旋轉九十度。
rotation transformation — named geometric subtype with concrete example
The students plotted the transformation of the triangle on the coordinate grid in class.
學生們在課堂上將三角形的變換繪製在座標格上。
In geometry class, Xiu applied a rotation transformation to move the square ninety degrees.
在幾何課上，Xiu 應用了旋轉變換，將正方形移動了九十度。
Some computer graphics rely on matrix transformations to render three-dimensional objects on screen.
某些電腦圖形技術依賴矩陣變換來在螢幕上呈現三維物體。
用法筆記
Domain: mathematics. Common subtypes include reflection (flipping), rotation (turning), translation (sliding), and dilation (resizing). In advanced contexts, the term also refers to functions that map one coordinate system or vector space onto another. This sense is typically used in formal, academic writing.
常見錯誤
3. the process by which a living cell takes in DNA from its surroundings and perman
轉化
細胞從外部吸收DNA的基因改造過程
the process by which a living cell takes in DNA from its surroundings and permanently changes its genetic material — a technique widely used in biotechnology to modify bacteria for producing medicine or studying genes.
Bacterial transformation is a key technique used in genetic engineering laboratories worldwide.
細菌轉化是全球基因工程實驗室使用的關鍵技術。
bacterial transformation — the most common type in labs
The scientists successfully induced transformation in the cell using a purified DNA sample.
科學家使用純化的 DNA 樣本，成功在細胞中誘導了轉化。
induce transformation — verb collocation
Iris studied how transformation allows bacteria to acquire new traits like antibiotic resistance.
Iris 研究了轉化如何讓細菌獲得新的性狀，例如抗生素抗藥性。
The transformation process requires the bacterial cell to be in a special state called competence.
轉化過程需要細菌細胞處於稱為勝任狀態的特殊階段。
Modern gene therapy builds on the natural transformation mechanisms found in certain cells.
現代基因療法是建立在某些細胞中發現的自然轉化機制之上。
- genetic modification
broader term covering any technique that alters an organism's DNA, not just uptake of free DNA
用法筆記
Domain: genetics. This is a technical term used primarily in scientific writing. Distinguish from 'transduction' (DNA transferred by a virus) and 'conjugation' (DNA transferred by direct cell-to-cell contact). In laboratory practice, transformation is often artificially induced by heat shock or electroporation.