underground
underground — 形容詞
1. situated in the area below the top layer of the earth.
地下的
位於或發生在地面以下的
situated in the area below the top layer of the earth.
The car park is underground, so the cars stay cool in summer.
停車場設在地下，所以夏天車子不會太熱。
Work crews are laying underground cables for the new internet network.
施工人員正在鋪設新的地下網路電纜。
collocation: underground cable / underground pipe
Romi heard a low rumbling from an underground river beneath the street.
Romi 聽到街道下方有地下河流傳來的低沉轟隆聲。
The building inspector found cracks in the underground drainage pipes.
建築檢查員發現地下排水管有裂縫。
Moles dig an underground network of tunnels to search for food.
鼴鼠在地底下挖掘錯綜複雜的隧道網絡來尋找食物。
- subterranean
more formal and scientific; used for natural formations like caves or geological layers
- buried
implies something has been placed or covered under earth, not necessarily a permanent structure
- aboveground
on or above the surface of the earth
- surface-level
at the same level as the ground, not below it
2. carried out in a hidden way, typically because the activity breaks official rule
地下祕密
暗中進行、通常違反官方規定的
carried out in a hidden way, typically because the activity breaks official rules or opposes the people in power.
During the war, students printed an underground newspaper that the government had banned.
戰時，學生們印了一份遭政府查禁的地下報紙。
collocation: underground newspaper / underground magazine
The charity discovered that an underground network was selling fake passports.
該慈善機構發現某個地下組織在販賣假護照。
Inês took part in underground meetings where activists planned the protest.
Inês 參加了地下會議，活動人士在會中策劃抗議活動。
Police raided an underground casino that had been operating for years without a licence.
警方突擊搜查了一家無照經營多年的地下賭場。
The regime tried to silence all underground political activity in the region.
該政權試圖壓制該地區所有地下政治活動。
- clandestine
more formal and dramatic, often used in espionage or military contexts
- covert
suggests official secrecy by a government or agency; not necessarily illegal
- illicit
focuses on the illegal nature of the activity rather than the secrecy
- official
approved by those in authority; not hidden
- aboveboard
completely open and honest, with nothing hidden
用法筆記
Frequently used before nouns describing media, organizations, or political actions that operate outside official permission.
常見錯誤
3. relating to the secret network of safe houses and helpers in 19th-century Americ
地下鐵道的
19世紀協助美國黑奴逃亡的秘密網絡
relating to the secret network of safe houses and helpers in 19th-century America that guided enslaved African Americans to freedom in northern states or Canada.
Harriet Tubman is the most famous conductor on the Underground Railroad.
Harriet Tubman 是 Underground Railroad 最著名的嚮導。
proper noun: the Underground Railroad
The museum exhibit shows the underground escape routes used before the Civil War.
博物館的展覽展示了南北戰爭前黑奴逃亡的地下路線。
Ezra led a group of twelve escaped slaves through the woods to a safe house in Pennsylvania.
Ezra 帶領十二名逃脫的黑奴穿過樹林，前往賓州的一處祕密避難所。
James's great-great-grandmother was hidden by an underground station in Ohio in 1859.
James 的曾曾祖母在 1859 年曾藏身於俄亥俄州的一個秘密避難站。
Local historians are mapping the underground safe houses that once dotted the countryside.
當地歷史學家正在繪製當年散布在鄉間的祕密避難屋地圖。
用法筆記
Almost always used with 'Railroad' or in explicit historical contexts. Outside US history, this sense does not apply.
常見錯誤
underground — 名詞
1. a city passenger train system whose trains run mostly through tunnels beneath th
地鐵
城市地下電氣鐵路系統
a city passenger train system whose trains run mostly through tunnels beneath the streets.
Tariq takes the underground to work every morning because it is faster than driving.
Tariq 每天早上上班搭地鐵，因為比開車快。
pattern: take the underground
The London underground is one of the oldest metro systems in the world.
倫敦地鐵是世界上最古老的地鐵系統之一。
The ticket machine at the underground station was not working this morning.
今早地鐵站的售票機故障了。
A map of the underground is posted at every entrance to the platform.
每個月台入口都張貼了地鐵路線圖。
During rush hour the underground trains are packed with commuters.
尖峰時刻地鐵列車上擠滿了通勤乘客。
文法句型
the underground
用法筆記
Typically used with the definite article ('the underground'). In American English, 'subway' is the common equivalent; in many other cities, 'metro' is used.
常見錯誤
2. the people and groups who reject mainstream society's values and produce art, mu
前衛圈
反主流、另類藝術與文化圈
the people and groups who reject mainstream society's values and produce art, music, or lifestyles that are unconventional or deliberately provocative.
The punk rock underground of the 1970s changed fashion and music forever.
1970 年代的龐克地下文化圈永遠改變了時尚與音樂。
collocation: [genre] underground — e.g. punk underground, art underground
Hyun's photography was noticed by the New York art underground for its raw style.
Hyun 的攝影作品因其樸實風格受到紐約前衛藝術圈的關注。
Zines from the feminist underground of the 1990s are now collected by university libraries.
1990 年代女性主義地下刊物現在已成為大學圖書館的收藏品。
The underground in Berlin has always attracted musicians who dislike commercial pop music.
柏林的地下文化圈一直吸引著不喜歡商業流行音樂的音樂人。
Sirin's band started in the local underground and later signed with a major record label.
Sirin 的樂團從本地地下音樂圈起步，後來與一家大唱片公司簽約。
- avant-garde
focuses on artistic innovation rather than cultural opposition; often narrower in scope
- counterculture
broader term for a whole way of life opposed to mainstream norms, not limited to art
- the alternative scene
more informal; refers to music, fashion, and lifestyle choices outside the mainstream
- the establishment
the dominant social group that holds power and authority
- the mainstream
the prevailing cultural trends accepted by the majority of people
文法句型
the underground
用法筆記
Used with 'the' and often preceded by a modifier like 'artistic', 'musical', 'political', or a place name ('London underground scene'). The reference is to a collective, not specific individuals.
常見錯誤
3. an organization that works in secret to challenge a ruling power or foreign mili
地下反抗組織
祕密對抗政府或佔領軍的團體
an organization that works in secret to challenge a ruling power or foreign military controlling their land.
Members of the French underground helped Allied pilots escape from Nazi-occupied territory.
法國地下反抗組織的成員協助盟軍飛行員逃離納粹佔領區。
proper noun: the French underground
Vikram's grandfather joined the underground after the invasion and printed anti-government pamphlets.
Vikram 的祖父在入侵發生後加入了地下反抗組織，印製反政府傳單。
The underground supplied food and medicine to families trapped in the war zone.
地下反抗組織為被困在戰區的家庭提供了食物和藥品。
When the dictator fell, former underground leaders formed the new government.
獨裁者垮台後，前地下反抗組織的領袖組成了新政府。
The resistance underground used secret codes to communicate between safe houses.
地下反抗組織使用密碼在祕密據點之間進行通訊。
- resistance
more general term; can be public or secret, armed or unarmed
- the resistance movement
more formal and specific, often used in historical writing
- partisans
specifically armed resistance fighters, usually in wartime
- the Maquis
the French rural resistance groups during World War II; very specific context
- the government
the ruling authority that the underground opposes
- the occupying forces
the foreign military presence that the underground fights against
文法句型
the underground
用法筆記
Typically preceded by 'the' and often modified by a nationality or region ('the Polish underground'). Distinguished from sense 2 (COUNTERCULTURE) by its focus on political/military opposition rather than artistic or lifestyle rebellion.
常見錯誤
underground — 副詞
1. in the area that lies below the planet's surface.
在地面下
在土壤或地表之下的位置
in the area that lies below the planet's surface.
The rabbits burrowed underground to build their nest away from predators.
兔子鑽到地底下築巢，以避開天敵。
Chidi works underground in a gold mine near Johannesburg.
Chidi 在約翰尼斯堡附近的一座金礦地底下工作。
collocation: work underground / mine underground
During the storm, the power lines were moved underground to prevent damage.
暴風雨期間，電線被移至地下以防損壞。
The pipes run underground from the reservoir to each house in the village.
水管從水庫地下延伸到村裡的每戶人家。
Nuclear waste is stored deep underground in special containers.
核廢料被儲存在地底深處的特殊容器中。
- below ground
slightly more formal, often used in technical or construction contexts
- beneath the surface
more descriptive; can be used literally or figuratively
- aboveground
on or above the surface of the earth
文法句型
verb + underground
用法筆記
Often follows verbs of movement or placement (go, burrow, run, store, bury, move). Typical position is immediately after the verb or at the end of the clause.
常見錯誤
2. into a situation where one's actions or whereabouts are hidden from the authorit
轉入地下
躲藏起來以避免被當局發現
into a situation where one's actions or whereabouts are hidden from the authorities or the public.
After the warrant was issued, the suspect went underground and changed his identity.
逮捕令發出後，該嫌疑人便躲藏起來並改變了身份。
pattern: go underground (most common)
The opposition party was forced underground after the coup.
政變之後，反對黨被迫轉入地下活動。
pattern: forced underground
Tamar lived underground for two years before the authorities finally caught her.
Tamar 躲藏了兩年後才被當局逮捕。
Many activists drove underground when the new surveillance law took effect.
新的監控法生效後，許多活動人士轉入地下。
The journalist had to stay underground after publishing the leaked documents.
那位記者公布洩密文件後不得不繼續躲藏。
- into hiding
broader; can be for any reason (fear, shame, danger), not necessarily political
- off the grid
modern informal term; implies avoiding digital surveillance rather than physical hiding
- in the shadows
more literary; suggests operating secretly while remaining in public view
- into the open
into public visibility; ceasing to hide
- above board
openly and legally
文法句型
go underground
drive underground
force underground
用法筆記
Most commonly appears in the fixed expression 'go underground'. Also used with verbs like 'force', 'drive', 'stay', 'live'. The sense is always about evasion from authority, not literal physical location.