whitney
whitney — 名詞
1. An American inventor and mechanical engineer, Eli Whitney (1765–1825), who desig
發明家
美國發明家，軋棉機發明者
An American inventor and mechanical engineer, Eli Whitney (1765–1825), who designed the cotton gin — a hand-cranked machine that pulls cotton fibers away from their seeds much faster than a person could by hand. His work helped turn cotton into the main cash crop of the southern United States in the early 1800s.
Eli Whitney built the first working cotton gin near Savannah, Georgia, in 1793.
Eli Whitney 於 1793 年在喬治亞州薩凡納附近建造了第一部實用軋棉機。
Textbooks often present Whitney as a key figure in America's early Industrial Revolution.
教科書常把 Whitney 視為美國早期工業革命的關鍵人物。
historical role: early Industrial Revolution figure
Whitney also pushed for interchangeable parts when making muskets for the U.S. Army.
Whitney 在為美國陸軍製造步槍時，也推動了可互換零件的概念。
After Whitney's cotton gin appeared, cotton production in the South grew very quickly.
Whitney 的軋棉機問世後，美國南部的棉花產量成長得非常快。
用法筆記
Eli Whitney also promoted the idea of interchangeable parts for firearms, though his cotton gin had the greater economic impact. The name 'Whitney' in a history context almost always refers to him first.
常見錯誤
2. An American geologist and professor, Josiah Dwight Whitney (1819–1896), who led
地質學家
美國地質學家，惠特尼峰以其命名
An American geologist and professor, Josiah Dwight Whitney (1819–1896), who led a major survey of California's natural resources and mountains. The highest peak in the contiguous United States, Mount Whitney in California, was named in his honor for his contributions to geology and mapping.
Mount Whitney rises over 14,000 feet and was named after the geologist Josiah Whitney.
惠特尼峰海拔超過 14000 英尺，是以地質學家 Josiah Whitney 的名字命名的。
place name origin: Mount Whitney named after him
Josiah Whitney led a survey that mapped California's mineral deposits for the first time.
Josiah Whitney 領導的一項調查首次繪製了加州礦產分布圖。
The peak now called Mount Whitney was identified during Whitney's survey of the Sierra Nevada.
如今稱為惠特尼峰的山頂，是在 Whitney 的內華達山脈調查期間被確認的。
Hikers planning a trip to Mount Whitney often read about Josiah Whitney's exploration work.
計劃攀登惠特尼峰的登山客，常會閱讀 Josiah Whitney 的探勘事蹟。
用法筆記
This sense appears mainly in geography or geology contexts. Josiah Whitney was the brother of the philologist William Dwight Whitney (sense 3). The mountain named for him, Mount Whitney, is a well-known landmark in the Sierra Nevada range.
3. An American linguist and Sanskrit scholar, William Dwight Whitney (1827–1894), w
語言學家
美國語言學家、梵語學者
An American linguist and Sanskrit scholar, William Dwight Whitney (1827–1894), who wrote foundational works on the grammar of Sanskrit and on the principles of language study. He taught at Yale University and helped establish linguistics as a modern academic discipline in the United States.
William Dwight Whitney wrote a landmark Sanskrit grammar that students still consult today.
William Dwight Whitney 撰寫了一部具里程碑意義的梵語文法，至今仍是學生的參考書。
key work: Sanskrit grammar reference
At Yale, Whitney trained a generation of American scholars in comparative philology.
Whitney 在耶魯大學培養了一整代美國比較語言學學者。
Whitney's books on language were used in university classrooms on both sides of the Atlantic.
Whitney 的語言學著作在大西洋兩岸的大學課堂上都被廣泛使用。
The American Philological Association counted Whitney among its most influential early members.
美國語言學協會將 Whitney 列為其最具影響力的早期成員之一。
用法筆記
This sense is the most specialized of the three and appears mainly in academic writing about the history of linguistics or Sanskrit studies. William Dwight Whitney was the younger brother of Josiah Dwight Whitney (sense 2).