whose
whose — 代名詞
1. used alone (not followed by a noun) when you ask which person something belongs
誰的
獨立使用的疑問詞，詢問擁有者
used alone (not followed by a noun) when you ask which person something belongs to or has a connection with.
Whose is this jacket left on the back of the chair?
放在椅背上的這件外套是誰的？
standalone pronoun (no noun after whose)
I found these keys on the kitchen counter — whose are they?
我在廚房流理臺上找到這些鑰匙——它們是誰的？
standalone pronoun in conversational question
The twins argued about whose turn it was to feed the cat.
這對雙胞胎為了輪到誰餵貓而爭論。
She asked whose the old bicycle was before offering to fix the flat tyre.
她先問那輛舊腳踏車是誰的，然後才主動幫忙補破胎。
Whose was the winning painting at the school art fair?
學校美術展中得獎的那幅畫是誰的？
文法句型
Whose + be + noun phrase?
Whose + auxiliary + noun + verb?
用法筆記
Frequently used in short questions where the noun is understood from context. Unlike determiner uses, no noun follows 'whose' directly.
常見錯誤
whose — 限定詞
1. used before a noun to ask who owns something or who has a connection with the pe
誰的；何人
置於名詞前，詢問擁有或所屬關係
used before a noun to ask who owns something or who has a connection with the person or thing you are talking about.
Whose phone kept ringing during the meeting this morning?
今天早上會議中一直在響的手機是誰的？
interrogative determiner + noun (phone)
Rodrigo asked whose idea it was to start the book club.
Rodrigo 問發起讀書會是誰的主意。
embedded question with whose + noun (idea)
Whose jacket did you borrow for the camping trip?
你露營時借的外套是誰的？
The teacher wants to know whose drawing won first prize at the fair.
老師想知道在園遊會裡得第一名的畫是誰的作品。
Whose car is blocking the entrance to the parking lot?
擋住停車場入口的那輛車是誰的？
文法句型
Whose + noun + verb?
用法筆記
Unlike the standalone pronoun use, this sense is always followed immediately by a noun. The question can be direct or embedded.
常見錯誤
2. used after a noun to introduce a defining relative clause that tells us which sp
其；…的
引導限定關係子句，表明所屬以指明對象
used after a noun to introduce a defining relative clause that tells us which specific person or thing you mean, by showing that something belongs to or is connected with them.
The woman whose cat climbed the tree called the fire brigade.
那隻貓爬上了樹的女主人打電話叫了消防隊。
defining relative clause: whose + noun (cat) identifies which woman
Yael is the designer whose work won the national award last year.
Yael 就是作品去年獲得全國獎項的那位設計師。
We need a doctor whose specialty is children's health and development.
我們需要一位專長是兒童健康與發展的醫生。
The house whose roof was damaged in the storm belongs to the Watanabe family.
屋頂在暴風雨中受損的那棟房子是渡邊家的。
Jin found the student whose bag had been left in the library overnight.
Jin 找到了書包在圖書館放了一整夜的那位學生。
- of which
more formal; only for things and inanimate objects ('the building of which the roof…')
文法句型
noun + whose + noun + verb
用法筆記
This sense works for both people and things. Unlike 'which' or 'that', 'whose' is the only relative word that shows possession. The clause is essential to identify the noun (no commas).
常見錯誤
3. used between commas after a noun or name to add extra information about a person
其（補充）
引導補充說明的非限定關係子句
used between commas after a noun or name to add extra information about a person or thing that is already clearly identified, showing ownership or connection.
Professor Tanvi Sharma, whose research focuses on ocean pollution, gave a fascinating lecture.
Tanvi Sharma 教授的研究專注於海洋汙染，她發表了一場精采的演講。
non-defining clause in commas after a proper name
The old oak tree, whose branches spread across the garden, was a hundred years old.
那棵老橡樹的枝幹延伸至整座花園，它已經一百歲了。
Charlotte Brontë, whose best-known novel is Jane Eyre, is studied in schools worldwide.
Charlotte Brontë 最著名的小說是《簡愛》，她是全球學校都會研讀的作家之一。
The Elm Street café, whose coffee is well known, opened a second branch last month.
Elm Street 那家咖啡館的咖啡很有名，上個月開了第二間分店。
Eshe's grandmother, whose cooking was loved by the whole street, passed away last spring.
Eshe 的祖母做的菜深受整條街的喜愛，她去年春天過世了。
- of which
only for things; more formal and less common in non-defining clauses
文法句型
noun/name, whose + noun + verb, ...
用法筆記
Distinguish from sense 2: this sense uses commas around the clause because the information is extra, not essential for identifying the noun. The clause can be removed without changing the core meaning. More common in written than spoken English.