and

and — conjunction

1. used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or a further remark by adding one part

1.連接詞A1
釋義

used to connect words, phrases, clauses, or a further remark by adding one part to another.

例句

Mina bought bread and eggs before the storm reached Tainan.

pattern: X and Y joining two nouns

The train was late, and everyone on the platform grew restless.

clause and clause

同義詞
  • plus

    more common in speech, maths, and informal lists

  • as well as

    adds another item, but the grammar focus stays more on the first item

  • along with

    prepositional phrase rather than a simple coordinating conjunction

反義詞
  • or

    links alternatives or choices instead of adding both

文法句型

X and Y

clause and clause

sentence. And + extra comment

用法筆記

Usually links parts inside one sentence. After a full stop, 'And' can also start an added comment, reminder, or question, especially in speech and informal writing.

常見錯誤

❌I bought bread, and eggs.
✅I bought bread and eggs.
💡do not use a comma before 'and' in a simple two-item phrase.
❌Tea also coffee were ready.
✅Tea and coffee were ready.
💡use 'and' to link the two nouns directly.

2. used in the fixed phrase 'and so on' after a short list to show there are more s

2.連接詞A2
釋義

used in the fixed phrase 'and so on' after a short list to show there are more similar things.

例句

The welcome pack had maps, bus cards, and so on.

fixed phrase after a short list

The form asks for names, addresses, phone numbers, and so on.

同義詞
  • etc.

    short written form, especially in notes and lists

  • and so forth

    slightly more formal than 'and so on'

  • and the like

    more formal and often used in writing

文法句型

list, and so on

用法筆記

Comes at the end of a list when you do not want to name every similar item. It does not normally come before the list.

常見錯誤

❌And so on, pencils, rulers, erasers were in the box.
✅The box had pencils, rulers, erasers, and so on.
💡this phrase normally goes after the list.
❌The club teaches dance and so on classes.
✅The club teaches dance, drama, music, and so on.
💡'and so on' does not directly modify a noun.

3. used in the fixed phrase 'and all' to show that the whole thing is meant, with e

3.連接詞B1
釋義

used in the fixed phrase 'and all' to show that the whole thing is meant, with every part included.

例句

Rosa bought the old boat, nets and all, from her uncle.

noun phrase + and all for complete inclusion

The flood swallowed the road, fences, trees, and all.

同義詞

文法句型

X, Y, Z, and all

noun phrase + and all

用法筆記

Placed after a list or after one item plus an extra detail like 'bones' or 'wallpaper'. Distinguish from sense 4: here 'and all' means every part is included, not 'too'.

常見錯誤

❌She bought and all the house.
✅She bought the house, furniture and all.
💡put 'and all' after the item or list it belongs to.
❌Jamie came and all to the picnic.
✅The picnic basket came with plates and all.
💡this sense is about including every part, not about saying someone came too.

4. used in UK slang in the fixed phrase 'and all' to mean 'also' or 'too'.

4.連接詞B1
釋義

used in UK slang in the fixed phrase 'and all' to mean 'also' or 'too'.

例句

Save a seat for Grandma; she's coming to bingo and all.

UK slang: and all = too

Mira ordered noodles, and Dad asked for dumplings and all at the stall.

同義詞
  • too

    the standard neutral word

  • as well

    common spoken alternative, usually at the end

  • also

    more common in writing and often placed earlier in the clause

文法句型

clause or item + and all

用法筆記

Mostly heard in British informal speech. It comes after the item or clause being added. Distinguish from sense 3, where 'and all' means 'with every part included'.

常見錯誤

❌And all I want tea.
✅I want tea and all.
💡this phrase usually comes after the thing being added.
❌The shop sold bowls and all.
✅The shop sold the dinner set, plates and all.
💡if you mean total inclusion, use sense 3, not this 'too' meaning.

5. used in the fixed phrase 'and all that' to mean other things connected with the

5.連接詞B1
釋義

used in the fixed phrase 'and all that' to mean other things connected with the same topic.

例句

I like old maps and all that, so the museum was perfect.

topic + and all that

After school, the boys talked about engines, racing bikes, and all that.

同義詞

文法句型

topic or list + and all that

用法筆記

Informal and slightly vague. Speakers use it after a topic or short list when the listener can easily imagine the other related things.

常見錯誤

❌She likes and all that music.
✅She likes jazz and all that.
💡the phrase comes after the topic, not before it.
❌And all that she studies grammar.
✅She studies grammar and all that.
💡do not put the phrase at the front.

6. used in the written form 'and/or' to show that one choice, the other choice, or

6.連接詞B1
釋義

used in the written form 'and/or' to show that one choice, the other choice, or both choices are allowed.

例句

Please bring a passport and/or a student card to registration.

written pattern: X and/or Y

The clinic is open on Tuesday and/or Thursday evenings this month.

同義詞
  • either or both

    plain explanation of the meaning

  • or

    weaker; means one choice or the other, not necessarily both

  • both ... and

    stronger; means both are included, not optional

文法句型

X and/or Y

用法筆記

Mostly seen in forms, notices, contracts, and instructions. Use it only when either item alone is acceptable and taking both is acceptable too.

常見錯誤

❌Choose tea and/or coffee
✅Choose tea or coffee
💡use 'and/or' only if choosing both is also allowed.
❌The class meets Monday and/or Wednesday and Friday.
✅The class meets Monday, Wednesday, and/or Friday.
💡make the options clear so readers know what the choices are.

7. used to connect two actions when the second one happens straight after the first

7.連接詞A1
釋義

used to connect two actions when the second one happens straight after the first.

例句

Wash your hands and cut the carrots into thin pieces.

imperative + and + imperative for next step

Nina rang the bell and stepped inside the small bakery.

同義詞
  • then

    more explicit; often used as a separate adverb

  • next

    common in instructions, especially before a new clause

  • afterwards

    usually comes later in the sentence, not between two verbs

文法句型

imperative + and + imperative

[verb] and [verb] for the next step

用法筆記

Common in instructions and simple stories where one action follows another immediately. Distinguish from sense 8 (RESULT), where the second clause is caused by the first.

常見錯誤

❌Turn left, and after that walk to the bank.
✅Turn left and walk to the bank.
💡this sense already shows the next step, so extra wording is often unnecessary.

8. used between two clauses to show that the second thing happens because of the fi

8.連接詞
釋義

used between two clauses to show that the second thing happens because of the first.

例句

The road was icy, and Mia slipped near the school gate.

clause + and + result clause

Dad forgot the tickets, and we missed the first song.

同義詞
  • so

    more direct and often more common in speech

  • therefore

    more formal and usually used in writing

  • as a result

    more explicit; often starts a new clause or sentence

文法句型

clause + and + result clause

用法筆記

Usually links a cause and its outcome. Distinguish from sense 7 (AFTER THAT), which only shows order in time.

9. after some verbs, used before another verb to show the aim of the action.

9.連接詞A2
釋義

after some verbs, used before another verb to show the aim of the action.

例句

I'll go and find a dry towel for the baby.

go and + verb for purpose

Come and look at the rainbow above the river.

come and + verb

同義詞
  • to

    the more neutral marker of purpose before a verb

  • in order to

    more formal and more explicit about purpose

文法句型

go and + verb

come and + verb

try and + verb

wait and see

用法筆記

Only sense in this entry that can replace 'to' before another verb after forms like 'go', 'come', 'try', and 'wait'.

常見錯誤

❌Come and to see this picture.
✅Come and see this picture.
💡in this pattern, 'and' replaces 'to' before the next verb.

10. used between the same word twice to make an action or state seem longer, stronge

10.連接詞B1
釋義

used between the same word twice to make an action or state seem longer, stronger, or repeated.

例句

The baby cried and cried until the sun came up.

repeated verb for long duration

We waited and waited outside the station in the rain.

同義詞
  • again and again

    more explicit and can be used without repeating the same word

  • continuously

    more formal and does not add the same spoken emphasis

  • for ages

    informal and focuses on long time, not repeated wording

文法句型

X and X

用法筆記

Usually joins the same verb or adjective twice, especially in speech and storytelling, to show repetition or a long duration.

常見錯誤

❌The baby cried and cry all night.
✅The baby cried and cried all night.
💡this pattern normally repeats the same word form.

11. used at the beginning of a question or remark to show surprise, annoyance, or di

11.連接詞
釋義

used at the beginning of a question or remark to show surprise, annoyance, or disbelief.

例句

And who left muddy shoes on the kitchen table?

And + question word for sharp surprise

And why is the front door standing open at midnight?

同義詞
  • but

    can also show objection or surprise, but usually contrasts ideas more strongly

  • so

    can introduce a surprised question, often with a less critical tone

  • well

    a discourse marker that can show reaction, but not the same direct challenge

文法句型

And + question word ...?

And + statement ...?

用法筆記

Common at the start of spoken questions or comments. It adds surprise or annoyance, and it does not change normal question word order.

常見錯誤

❌And why you are late?
✅And why are you late?
💡'and' adds attitude, but normal question order stays the same.