collaboratively
collaboratively — adverb
1. By people or groups joining their skills and efforts to get something done toget
By people or groups joining their skills and efforts to get something done together.
The two research teams worked collaboratively to develop a new type of battery.
adverb modifying verb phrase: worked collaboratively + to-infinitive
Marta and Arjun wrote the report collaboratively, each editing the other's sections.
The new library was designed collaboratively by architects from three countries.
Ten families on Elm Street worked collaboratively to turn an empty lot into a community garden.
- cooperatively
broader; can describe any helpful interaction, not necessarily joint production
- jointly
emphasises shared ownership of the result rather than the process
- in partnership
phrase, often used in business contexts
- independently
working alone without input from others
- alone
simple opposite of doing something with others
文法句型
work collaboratively
done collaboratively
常見錯誤
collaboratively — verb
- collaborativelypresent simple I / you / we / they
- collaborativelies3rd person singular
- collaborativelying-ing form
- collaborativeliedpast simple
1. to join with one or more other people to create something or carry out a shared
to join with one or more other people to create something or carry out a shared task, especially one that requires thinking, research, or creative effort — for example, two scientists writing a paper together, or a designer and an engineer developing a product.
Two professors from different universities collaborated on a study about ocean pollution.
collaborate + on + [topic]
Tunde and Bilal collaborated to write a series of articles about urban farming in West Africa.
collaborate + to-infinitive
The local theatre group collaborated with a dance company for its summer show.
Engineers from four car manufacturers are collaborating to build a safer electric vehicle.
Ari collaborated closely with the design team throughout the entire product launch.
- work together
more general, less formal; does not emphasise joint creation
- team up
informal; suggests a temporary partnership
- cooperate
broader; can mean simply not causing problems, not necessarily joint production
- work alone
doing a task without any partners
文法句型
collaborate + with + person/group + on + topic/project
collaborate + to-infinitive
用法筆記
Frequently used with 'with' to name the partner and 'on' to name the project or topic. The subject is typically a person, team, or organisation.
常見錯誤
2. to give help or information to a foreign power that has taken military control o
to give help or information to a foreign power that has taken military control of your own country, usually considered an act of disloyalty.
During the occupation, anyone caught collaborating with the invading army faced trial after the war.
collaborate + with + [military force] — historical/political context
The film tells the story of a shopkeeper who chose to collaborate rather than resist.
Saira's grandmother was wrongly accused of collaborating with the occupying troops.
After the regime fell, evidence emerged that several local officials had collaborated with the secret police.
- fraternise
of friendly interaction with the enemy; less active than 'collaborate'
- side with
suggests supporting a group, not necessarily providing practical help
文法句型
collaborate + with + enemy/occupying force
用法筆記
This sense carries a strong negative moral judgement. Only used in the context of war, invasion, or oppressive regimes. The object of 'with' is an enemy, occupying force, or oppressive authority.
常見錯誤
3. to work together with an organisation or system that is separate from your own u
to work together with an organisation or system that is separate from your own usual group, often across different sectors or levels of government.
The local health department collaborated with a national research centre to study air quality.
collaborate + with + [external institution]
Mizuki's hospital collaborated with rural clinics to provide free health screenings.
City planners collaborated with transport authorities to redesign the bus network.
The university collaborated with a private foundation to fund scholarships for low-income students.
- partner with
more common in business; 'collaborate' sounds slightly more formal
- work with
simpler and more general, no implication of formal partnership
- work in isolation
operating without external connections
文法句型
collaborate + with + organisation/institution
用法筆記
Subject and object are typically institutions, agencies, or formal groups rather than individuals. Unlike sense 1, the focus is on crossing organisational boundaries rather than on joint intellectual effort.